FAMILY ALOIDiE. AUKS, PUFFINS, AND MURRES. 29 



Back, with white spots ; throat, white or whitish (immature or winter). 



(Javia lumme. Red=throated Loon. 



See No. 7. 



Bacli, without distinct white spots ; the feathers, edged witli a.sliy ; tin-oat, white or 

 duslJ3^ (immature or winter). Gama aminis. Black=throated Loon. 



See No. 6. 



* Group 3. Wing, over 15 inches long. 



Feet, webbed; liead, black, in adult; head, gray; tliroat, whitish, in ininiaturo. 



Uriiialjir imbrr. Loon. 

 See No. 5. 



FAMILY ALCID^. 

 Auks, Puffins, and Murres. 



Toes, three ; no hind toe (hallux) ; toes, palmate (full 

 webbed) ; nostrils, separate, and not tubular. 



* Group 1. Wing, less than 5 inches long. ' 



Winter plumuije: Upper parts, lilack ; uuderparts, wliite. In fniiniitei- : Tlie 

 breast, throat, and sides of tlie head and ucek, sooty brown. 





* 



Allc allc. Doveltie. Little Auk. .^.^^TSagSj 



See No. 17, J'ft ..,J#L_; 



Group 2. Wing, *.50 to 6.50 inches long. 



Bill, parrot like; uuderparts, white; back, lilack; usually a bh«:k 

 collar. Fratercula arctica. Puffin. Sea Parrot. 



See No. 9. 



Adidt ill summer : General plumage, black, a wliite patch on 

 the shoulder; basal half of the greater wing coverts (fentliers 

 formino' the white patch on the wing), black. \\'inter birds have 

 the uuderparts white, and the upper jiarts, black and white- 



Cepphus gryllc. Black Guillemot. Sea Pigeon. 



See No. 11. 



Similar to Black Guillemot, but has the wing coverts ^feathers forming the white wing 

 patch) entirely white and not with basal half black. 



Immature and winter birds (except wing coverts), reserabliug the Black (iuiUemot. 



Cepphtis maiiiUii. Mandt's Guillemot. 



Sec' Xo. 1-2. 



* Fur ilirectione lor measurement, sue page 9. 



