KEY TO FAMILIES. LAND BIRDS. 



Ul 



Section 3. Upper mandible, not notched and hooked at tip. 



Part 1. First primary less than one half as long as third. 



Toes, four, two in li-out and two beliiud; or toes, three, two iu front and one behind; tuil 

 feathers, stiff and jJoiuted. (If tail featliers are not stiff and pointed, see Nuthatches, next 

 faniiljr.) Order PICl. Woodpeckers. Family PICID/E. Woodpeckers. 



See page 190. 



Bill, as illustrated; nostrils, concealed by bristly tufts; 

 tarsus, scutellate ; first primary, very short ; tail feathers, 

 not stiff and pointed. (If tail leathers are stiff and iiointed, 

 look for the bird under Family Picida;.) 



Family PARID/B. 



Subfamily SITTING. Nuthatches. 



See page 317 



Bill, as illustrated; nostrils, concealed by bristly tufts of hair-like 

 feathers; first primary, short; forehead, t)lack; back, gray; bead, with 

 more or less crest ; sides of body, waslicd with brown (Tufted Titmouse) . 



Family PARID^. Titmice. 

 See page 318. 



First primary, about one half as long as 

 third; feet, zygodactyle (toes, two iu front, 

 two bcliind) ; outer tail leathers, very much 

 shorter than middle feathers. 



Family CUCULID/E. Cuckoos. 

 See page 1S8. 



