KEY TO FAMILIES. LAND BIRDS. 



145 



Feet, ayndactyle; toes, four, the middle and outer cues joined, lieiug fusteued togetli(>r for 

 more tliaii half their length. 



Family ALCEDINID/E. Kingfishers. 



See page 189. 



First primary, much shorter than second, always less than three fourths as long 

 as third; fourth, or flftli primary, longest; bill, stout and strong; the nostrils, concealed )iy 

 coarse, hair-like feathers; outer tail feathers, shorter than middle feathers. 



Family CORVID/E. Subfamily QARRULIN/E. Jays. 



See page 209. 



First primary, never less than three fourths as long as third ; liase of bill, extend- 

 ing Ituckward, forming a point, dividing the featiiers of the forehead; nostrils, exposed; outer 

 tail feathers shorter than middle feathers. 



Family ICTERID^. Blackbirds, Orioles, Meadow Larks. 



See page 213. 



