34 VETERINARY STATE BOARD 



ANTIMONY 



Name the preparation of antimony used in medicine. 



Antimonyl-potassium tartrate, commonly called tartar emetic. 



Oeganic Chemistey 



What is organic chemistry? 



Organic chemistry is the chemistry of the carbon compounds or 

 the chemistry of the hydrocarbons and their derivatives. 



Differentiate between hydrocarbons and carbohydrates. 



Hydrocarbons are compounds of hydrogen and carbon, as 

 methane, CH^. 



Carbohydrates are compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen 

 and oxygen, the two latter elements being present in the same 

 relative atomic proportion as in water, e.g., grape sugar, CgH^jOe. 



Name four elements that enter into the formation of most organic 

 bodies. 



Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. 



Give the difference between essential oils and fixed oils. 



Essential oils are derived from plants and belong to the class 

 of compounds known as terpenes. They generally bear the em- 

 pirical formula CioH^ and are volatile liquids. They do not form 

 glycerine when treated with an alkali. 



Fixed oils are the true fats and are composed of the glyceryl 

 radical combined with a fat acid radical. They form soap when 

 treated with an alkali. 



How does gallic acid differ from tannic acid? What are the tests for 

 differentiating the same? 

 Gallic acid does not coagulate albumin^ nor precipitate alkaloids, 

 gelatin or starch; whereas, tannic acid does. 



To a dilute solution (1-100) of tannic acid add a small quantity 

 of lime water. A pale, bluish-white, flocculent precipitate is formed, 

 which is not dissolved on shaking (difference from gallic acid), but 

 becomes more copious and of a deeper blue than pinkish by the addi- 

 tion of an excess of lime water. 



FERMENTATION AND PUTREFACTION 



Why are organic substances liable to decay? 



Because they are composed of combustible elements (carbon 

 and hydrogen) which readily oxidize, forming carbon dioxide and 

 water. Organic substances offer the proper environment for the 

 incubation of bacteria. 



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