90 VETERINARY STATE BOARD 



principally muscular tissue and is lined with mucous membrane 

 made up of stratified epithelium. Its anterior half is covered with 

 peritoneum. Related above to the uterus and vagina in the female, 

 and to the seminal vesicles and rectum in the male. 



Blood supply: internal pudic and umbilical arteries. 



Nerve supply: pelvic plexus. 



Function : receptacle for urine until conditions are satisfactory 

 for its expulsion. 



Compare the urethra of the horse with that of the ox. 



In the ox, the urethra conforms with the bend of the penis in 

 front of the pubis, by making an S-shaped curve. Its diameter 

 diminishes from its commencement to its termination. The latter 

 is not prolonged by an urethral tube, as in the horse. Near the 

 ischial arch, the urethra of the ox shows a valve which covers a 

 cul-de-sac about one inch deep. This is not present in the horse. 

 The walls of the urethra in the ox are thicker than in the horse 

 and are provided with a sphincter muscle and erectile tissue. 



What is the length of the urethra in the mare? 



It is very short, less than one inch. 



Sexual Organs 



Describe the ovaries of the mare and state how they differ from those 

 of the cow. 



The ovaries, two in number, situated in the right and left sub- 

 lumbar regions, are small, ovoid bodies with a deep notch or hilus on 

 their upper surface, which gives attachment to the pavilion of the 

 oviduct. Each ovary floats at the anterior border of the broad liga- 

 ment and is attached to the uterus by vessels and the utero-ovarian 

 ligament. Externally, they are covered by serous membrane, under- 

 neath which is the tunica albuginea, a fibrous covering. 



In the cow, the ovaries are relatively much smaller than in the 

 mare, but in form and structure are the same. 



Describe the uterus of the mare. Give distinctive features of the 

 uterus of the cow and bitch. 

 The uterus of the mare is a hollow, muscular sac, situated in the 

 abdominal cavity in the sublumbar region. Its posterior extremity 

 extends to or within the anterior opening of the pelvic cavity. 

 It is comprised of a body, constituting the greater bulk, which is 

 continued anteriorly by a slight bifurcation into the two eomua. 



Digitized by Microsoft® 



