138 VETERINARY STATE BOARD 



What three sorts of impressions are obtained through the cutaneous 

 nerves? 

 Temperature, pain and pressure. 



The Foot 



What are the provisions for preventing concussion in the foot? 



1. The yielding articulation of the pedal joint. 



2. Expansion of the heels when in contact with the ground. 



3. The foot-pad, or frog. 



4. The slight descent of the pedal hone and sole, when weight 

 is placed on the foot. 



What are the uses of the lateral cartilages? 



1. They form an elastic wall to the sensitive foot, and afford 

 attachment to the vascular laminae. 



2. They carry the sensitive laminje outward when the hoof ex- 

 pands and so prevent any disturbance of the union of the insensi- 

 tive and sensitive laminae. 



3. They provide passage for the blood-vessels and their move- 

 ments assist the venous circulation. 



4. They admit of expansion under the influence of the body 

 weight. 



How does secretion occur from horny structures and what provisions 

 are made for a freer secretion at given points? Name such 

 points. 



From the lower edge of the coronary substance, white, proto- 

 plasmic cells are poured out between the papillae; these cells are 

 carried down and pressed between the sensitive leaves. As the 

 horny leaves pass through the sensitive leaves, the vascular layer 

 of the latter furnishes them with horny lamellae. 



The wall is thicker and longer at the toe and quarters than at 

 the heels because it is at these regions that the greatest wear and 

 tear occurs. The thinness at the heel corresponds to the yielding 

 power it possesses, and which is an essential part of the anticon- 

 cussion mechanism. 



Mention the keratogenous tissues of the foot, giving the function of 

 each. 



1. The coronary cushion secretes the wall. 



2. The velvety tissue secretes the sole and foot-pad (frog). 



3. The laminal tissue secretes the horny lamellae. 



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