154 VETERINARY STATE BOARD 



Describe the gross pathology of (a) acute parenchymatous nephritis, 

 (b) chronic interstitial nephritis. 



(a) Kidneys are soft, friable and the capsule strips easily. The 

 cut surface is streaked with hyperseniic vessels, especially in the 

 medulla ; in the cortex the Malpighian corpuscles stand out prom- 

 inently. 



(b) The kidney is small and its surface irregular; the capsule 

 is thickened and strips with difficulty, owing to the productive 

 growth and extension of same into the substance of the gland. 

 On section the substance is firm and pale in color. 



Give the pathology of a cystic ovary. 



In a large majority of cases, cystic ovaries follow peri-oophoritis, 

 M'hich thickens the capsule and prevents the ovisac from rupturing. 

 The peri-oophoritis may be caused by extension of infection or 

 inflammation in cases of endometritis, granular venereal disease, 

 etc. A small number of cases may be attributed to a persistent 

 corpus luteum. The enlarged ovary is uniformly rounded and 

 smooth or it may be marked by irregular bulgings, giving it a lobu- 

 lated appearance. The organ is very vascular and covered by the 

 thickened peritoneum. One or more closely adherent cysts of 

 various sizes, containing a clear, yellow or brownish-red liquid, 

 may be seen. 



What is your idea of the pathology of azoturia? 



This disease is due to an auto-intoxication. The lesions are 

 characterized by the following conditions : The lumbar, psoas and 

 gluteus muscles appear swollen and gray or grayish-yellow in color 

 like fish-meat or boiled meat. Occasionally, these muscles are rup- 

 tured and contain hemorrhages. They are friable and tear easily. 

 The kidneys show cloudy swelling and even severe parenchymatous 

 degeneration. The heart muscle shows the same changes as the 

 muscles but in a lesser degree. The bladder contains brownish-red 

 or coffee-colored urine. In cases of long standing, lesions of septi- 

 caemia, due to decubital gangrene, are seen. 



Name five diseases that may affect the udder of the cow. 



Mastitis, tuberculosis, actinomycosis, carcinoma, eczema. 



Define (a) oophoritis, (b) orchitis, (c) metritis. 



(a) Inflammation of the ovary. 



(b) Inflammation of the testicle. 



(c) Inflammation of the uterus. 



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