QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 155 



Nervous System 



Define (a) phrenitis, (b) meningitis, (c) pachymeningitis, (d) lepto- 

 meningitis, (e) apoplexy. 



(a) Inflammation of the brain. 



(b) Inflammation of the meninges, the covering of the brain 

 and cord. 



(e) Inflammation of the dura mater, the outer covering of the 

 brain and cord. 



(d) Inflammation of the pia and arachnoid membranes. 



(e) Paralysis resulting from rupture of a cerebral blood-vessel. 



Give the pathologic changes in the brain o£ a horse suffering with 

 chronic hydrocephalus (dummy). 

 There is a dilatation of the lateral ventricles and anterior part 

 of the third ventricle by an excessive amount of fluid. The base of 

 the cerebrum and the olfactory lobes have their internal cavity 

 distended so that they appear like bladders of fluid. The cerebral 

 hemispheres are flattened and their convolutions nearly effaced. 

 There is degeneration and softening of the compressed nervous tissue 

 and anaemia of the brain. 



What are the post-mortem appearances of anaemia of the brain? 



Meninges are pale and their vessels collapsed. The cortex is 

 pale and the line of demarcation between it and the white matter 

 is indistinct. On section, minute points of blood are seen. 



What faulty conditions in the food tend to produce paralysis? 

 Moulds, rusts, smuts and fermentation. 



Muscles 

 What parasite affects the muscles of hogs ? Name the disease and state 

 the lesions produced. 

 Trichina spiralis produces trichinosis. The parasites- invade the 

 muscles and become encysted therein in the shape of an oval which 

 is grayish-white in appearance. Within this oval body, which is 

 only one-twenty-fifth of an inch in length, the parasite is coiled up 

 in a spiral shape. The muscle fibres lose their diagonal striation; 

 the sarcolemma is dilated, covering the cyst; the connective tissue 

 is infiltrated and the capillaries are distended. The cut surface of 

 the muscle is cloudy, a pale-gray color and transparent. 



Eye 

 Describe the pathologic changes occurring in an attack of periodic 

 ophthalmia. 

 The conjunctiva is injected. The injected blood-vessels of the 



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