QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 161 



(c) A thermolabile substance present in normal blood-serum, 

 which influences the action of the immune body. (See diagnosis of 

 glanders by the fixation of the complement test, page 167.) 



Differentiate the terms anaerobic and aerobic and give an example 

 of each. 

 Anaerobic is the term applied to bacteria that can live in the 

 absence of air. There are two forms, facultative anaerobic which 

 live best in the absence of air, but can live in its presence, as 

 B. typhoid; and obligative anaerobic which can live only in the 

 absence of air, as B. tetanus. Aerobic refers to bacteria which live 

 in the presence of air. As with the anaerobic, there is a facultative 

 form which grows best in the presence of air but can live in its 

 absence, as B. anthracis ; and an obligative form which can grow only 

 in its presence, as B. subtilis. 



Define the following terms: (a) saphrophytic, (b) pathogenic, (c) 



asepsis, (d) sterile, (e) culture, (f) pure culture. 



(a) Bacteria that feed on dead organic matter and usually 



non-pathogenic ; (b) capable of producing disease; (e) free from 



sepsis-producing organisms; (d) absolutely free of all germs; 



(e) a growth of microorganisms in suitable fluids or other media; 



(f ) a growth consisting exclusively of one species of bacteria. 



Name five common culture-media. 



Bouillon, agar, blood-serum, potato, milk. 



Define antiseptic and disinfectant and give examples of each. 



An antiseptic is an agent which prevents the formation of pus. 

 Examples: corrosive sublimate, phenol. 



A disinfectant is an agent which destroys bacteria. Examples: 

 strong solutions of corrosive sublimate, formaldehyde, actual 

 cautery. 



Name the pus-producing microorganisms. 



Staphylococcus pyogenes aureus, albus and eitreous, strepto- 

 coccus pyogenes, gonococcus and pneumococcus are the most com- 

 mon pus-producing microorganisms, although the bacillus of tuber- 

 culosis, typhoid, eoli and glanders may form pus, as well as the 

 actinomyces and certain yeast and moulds, e.g., aspergilli. 



What disease is produced by (a) Koch's bacillus, (b) Nicolaier's 

 bacillus, (c) bacillus of Bang? 

 (a) Tuberculosis; (b) tetanus; (c) infectious abortion. 



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