QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 169 



How may strangles be differentiated from glanders? 



By purulent submaxillary lymphadenitis; by animal inocula- 

 tion ; by any of the various glanders tests ; in glanders, typical ulcers 

 are seen in the nasal mucous membranes, similar ulcers are seen 

 in strangles but tend to heal rapidly; strangles occurs in young 

 horses and prevails in sale stables. 



Make a differential diagnosis between acute nasal glanders and nasal 

 gleet. 



Clinically, it may be difficult to differentiate, a considerable 

 time for observation being necessary. Usually there are no ulcers 

 or scars in nasal gleet, and the disease responds to treatment. 

 Special diagnostic tests for glanders are best resorted to at first to 

 avoid danger in handling. 



Name two diseases that are frequently mistaken for glanders. Name 

 two laboratory methods frequently employed in diagnosing 

 glanders. 

 Strangles and nasal gleet (chronic rhinitis). Agglutination 

 test and complement fixation test. 



Make a differential diagnosis of acute lymphangitis and farcy. 



Lymphangitis is a local affection ; farcy is a symptom of general- 

 ized glanders. The former progresses very acutely with fever and 

 sometimes formation of abscesses in the lymph-glands ; the latter 

 usually progresses slowly, without fever and with but slight par- 

 ticipation of the glands. The abscesses of lymphangitis have smooth 

 edges and heal rapidly by granulation, but those of glanders form 

 crateriform, non-healing ulcers. Special diagnostic tests for 

 glanders. 



Differentiate azoturia from spinal meningitis. 



Differentiate by the sudden onset, hard swollen gluteal muscles, 

 ability to bear weight on the legs, although the fetlocks knuckle; 

 history of idleness and full diet ; black, coffee-colored urine. 



Differentiate cryptogamic forage poisoning from lead poisoning. 



Forage poisoning develops slowly with paralyses, especially of 

 the pharynx, little or no fever. Lead poisoning has a sudden onset 

 (except in the chronic form) ; salivation, convulsions, colics, blue line 

 around gums, coma and collapse. 



Differentiate osteoporosis from osteomalacia. 



Osteoporosis is a condition in which the compact bone prolifer- 

 ates and becomes rarefied (porous), or cancellated. Osteomalacia 

 is a morbid softening of bone. The former often occurs with the 



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