170 VETERINAET STATE BOAHD- 



latter and predominates. In fact, the two conditions are so similar 

 that, in view of the lack of information, it is hardly proper to classify 

 them as independent affections. However, osteomalacia occurs more 

 frequently in cattle and clinically, in many ways, is not unlike 

 osteoporosis which is more commonly observed in horses. 



Describe the course to be pursued in testing with tuberculin. 



Practically the same as the mallein test (subcutaneous), see 

 page 167, except no local reaction occurs as in glanders. 



Give an account of the sources of fallacy in testing cattle for tuber- 

 culosis and state clearly the precautions that might be taken 

 to avoid them. 

 Tuberculin may be of inferior qiiality. Cattle may have been 

 tested recently or had tuberculin injected just previous to test, 

 and therefore do not respond properly. Cattle do not react when 

 in advanced stages of the disease. Cows, within two weeks of par- 

 turition, may not react though affected with the disease. Stabling 

 animals when accustomed to pasture may cause a rise in tempera- 

 tiire. Administration of antipyretics by unscrupulous owners 

 may cause a mistaken interpretation of results. 



Precautions: Use freshly prepared reliable tuberculin; deter- 

 mine, if possible, the date of last test; observe advanced cases by 

 clinical examination and exclude them from test; defer testing 

 pregnant cows near end of term and cows which have recently 

 calved; stable animals a few days before making test. 



Differentiate contagious pleuropneumonia from influenza. 



Contagious pleuropneumonia is characterized by the typical 

 pleurisy and pneumonia which are transmitted with the same pre- 

 dominating symptoms to other animals. The legs do not swell as 

 in influenza; it is more severe and fatal; influenza may cause a 

 croupous pneumonia; is milder in attack; digestive disorders are 

 common ; legs swell ; pink-eye is seen. 



Give the distinctive s)miptoms of spasmodic colic and enteritis. 



Spasmodic colic shows intervals of ease, no fever, and violent 

 movements when spasms occur ; early recovery. Enteritis is accom- 

 panied by fever, constant uneasiness, careful decubitus and rising ; 

 gradually grows worse. 



What is the difference between septicasmia and pyaemia? Treatment 

 for each. 



Septicaemia is a morbid condition due to the presence of non- 

 specific pathogenic bacteria and their associated poisons (toxins and 

 tox-albumins) in the blood. It is accompanied by chills, fever. 



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