222 VETEKINAET STATE BOARD 



skin and skin muscle on the left side between the anterior border 

 of the mastoidohumeralis muscle and the ju^ilar vein. Separate 

 the loose connective tissue with the fingers down to the oesophagus 

 which lies between the left scalenus muscle, the trachea and the jugu- 

 lar vein. Draw the oesophagus out through the wound and make 

 a longitudinal incision in it, sufficiently large for the removal of the 

 foreign body. The wound in the oesophagus is closed by an intes- 

 tinal suture, i.e., the external coats are drawn together (Lembert 

 suture). The external wound may be left open, or sutured, and a 

 drainage tube inserted. 



Describe the treatment of choking in the cow. 



See answer to the two preceding questions. Choking in cattle is 

 often accompanied by bloating (tympanites). This should be re- 

 lieved by puncturing the rumen and leaving the canula in position 

 until relief is obtained, several days if necessary. 



Give the diagnostic symptoms of roaring. Describe an operation for 

 roaring. 



Symptoms : Inspiratory dyspnoea, very marked after severe exer- 

 tion, galloping or heavy pulling without any visible cause. Posi- 

 tive diagnosis is made by examining the larynx with the laryngoscope 

 or by introducing a finger through an opening made in the larynx 

 (laryngotomy). In case of roaring, the left vocal cord lies motion- 

 less in the lumen of the larynx. Sometimes both sides are paralyzed. 



Operation: Secure the animal in lateral recumbency. Shave 

 a large area in the laryngeal region, disinfect thoroughly. Chloro- 

 form anaesthesia is necessary. When anaesthesia is complete, roll 

 the patient upon its back with the head extended. Make a longi- 

 tudinal incision, 15 cm. long, through the skin, subcutem and muscles 

 on the median line directly over the larynx. Continue the incision 

 through the cricothyroidean ligament and cricoid cartilage. Con- 

 trol hemorrhage with haemostatic forceps. Insert retractors and 

 carefully dissect out the mucous lining of the lateral ventricle be- 

 tween the vocal cord and the arytenoid cartilage on the affected side. 

 This must be carefully done because any remaining portion of this 

 mucous membrane will secrete mucus and form a mucous cyst. 

 The object is to grow the vocal cord to the wall of the larynx and 

 this is accomplished by denuding the opposing surfaces of their 

 raucous membrane. The after-treatment consists of daily cleansing 

 of the external wound and complete rest for six weeks. The patient 

 should be carefully watched for the first 48 hours to see that 

 dyspnoea is not provoked by the swelling in the region of the wound. 

 In such eases, a tracheotomy tube should be inserted in the opening. 



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