232 VETEEINAEY STATE BOARD 



Describe in detail the procedure of passing a stomach tube. What 

 are the indications for the use of this tube? 

 Secure the animal in the standing position and restrain by 

 placing a twitch on the ear. Lubricate the tube with saliva or 

 slippery elm tea. Insert the tube in the floor of the nostril and 

 push it gently until the pharynx is reached. Move the tube slowly 

 in and out until swallowing movements are observed. When the 

 tube passes into the oesophagus, force it gently downward into the 

 stomach. By the use of a mouth speculum or mouth gag, the tube 

 can be passed through the mouth. 



Indications for use: Gastric tympany or impaction; poisoning; 

 forced nutrition when the animal cannot swallow, as in tetanus. 



Describe enterocentesis and state when indicated. 



Shave and disinfect an area 2 cm. square, in the right flank, 

 equidistant from the last rib, the external angle of the ilium and the 

 transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrse. Place the trocar 

 perpendicular to the skin and with a sharp blow drive it into the 

 distended caecum. "Withdraw the stilette and allow the gas to 

 escape. 



This operation is indicated in cases of intestinal tympany. It 

 is occasionally employed to introduce medicines directly into the 

 cseeum. 



Name the tissues involved in puncturing the caecum. 



Skin, abdominal muscle, peritoneum and csecum. 



What are some of the unsatisfactory results that are likely to follow 

 the operation of puncturing the intestines in the horse, and 

 describe the technic you would adopt to guard against them? 



1. Peritonitis : Strict antisepsis. Have the stilette in the canula 

 and press the skin firmly against the abdominal muscles when 

 withdrawing the instrument. 



2. Abscess at the site of puncture: Same precautionary meas- 

 ures as given in preceding paragraph. 



3. Hemorrhage: Operate at the proper point and thus avoid 

 large arteries. 



Diseases of the Urinary Organs 



Give the symptoms of urinary calculi in the bladder. What is the 

 method of surgical procedure? 

 Frequent urination but passing of smaU amounts. Blood- 

 stained urine after exercise on account of injuries of the mucous 

 membrane by the stone. Examination per rectum will reveal the 



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