258 VETERINAEY STATE BOARD 



3. Fracture of the pelvic girdle and femur may be due to abnor- 

 mal fragility of the bones. 



4. Facial paralysis. Avoid by using a hood-wink which will 

 protect the facial nerve from injury. 



What anaesthetics are commonly employed in major operations and 

 minor operations on (a) the horse, (b) the ox, (c) the dog. 



(a) Major: chloroform, chloral hydrate, cannabis indica. 

 Minor : cocaine hydrochlorate, stovaine and alypin. 



(b) Major: morphine, chloral hydrate and chloroform. 

 Minor : cocaine hydrochlorate and stovaine. 



(c) Major: ether and morphine. 



Minor : cocaine hydrochlorate and stovaine. 



What are the dangers of chloroform anaesthesia? How may these 

 dangers be avoided? 



1. Inhalation pneumonia : Keep the head lowered to allow better 

 drainage from the nasal cavities. Fast the patient for 24 hours be- 

 fore administering the ansesthetic to lessen danger of regurgitation 

 of food into the pharynx. Do not prolong the stage of anaesthesia 

 unnecessarily. 



2. Syncope: Avoid giving the chloroform too fast and with 

 insufficient air or over too long a period of time. Patients with 

 heaves, valvular disease of the heart, or dyspnoea from any cause 

 should be given chloroform very guardedly or not at all. 



How would you anaesthetize a foot for a painful operation? 



By injecting one drachm of a 4 per cent, solution of cocaine 

 hydrochlorate over each plantar nerve at the point where high 

 plantar neurectomy is performed. Observe antiseptic precautions 

 in injecting. 



Describe briefly a quick and satisfactory method of sterilizing your 

 hands and instruments. 



If the hands are cleansed thoroughly with soap, water and a 

 scrubbing brush, then immersed for five minutes in a 4 per cent, 

 solution of potassium permanganate and, finally, in a 10 per cent, 

 solution of oxalic acid until the stain of the permanganate of potash 

 disappears, they will be perfectly sterile. The oxalic acid should 

 be rinsed off with sterile water. 



Instruments may be sterilized by placing in boiling water for 

 fifteen minutes. 



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