292 VETERINARY STATE BOARD 



Frequent milking, suspensory bandages, external application of 

 disinfectants, intramammary injections of same, and many other 

 measures have their advocates. Increased activity of the alimentary 

 tract should be stimulated by a laxative diet and the use of areco- 

 line, or eserine and pilocarpine. Certain drugs, such as camphor 

 and turpentine, which are eliminated in the milk, are useful because 

 of their disinfectant action, and may be given in full doses. Abscess 

 formation and gangrene call for surgical interference. 



What are the causes of colic in pregnant animals ? Give treatment. 



The etiology of "true" colic occurring in pregnancy would be 

 little different from that in a non-pregnant animal; likewise the 

 treatment, except that precautions should be taken to avoid drugs 

 which might empty the uterus. "False" colic may be observed in 

 torsion of the uterus (q.v.). 



Why are rickets and osteomalacia frequently observed in pregnant 

 animals? Give treatment. 



These diseases, in any animal, can usually be traced to a de- 

 ficiency in the quantity or the quality of the food. A lack of lime 

 salts, especially the phosphate of calcium, has long been recognized 

 as a potent etiological factor. Add to this the extra demand made 

 upon the pregnant animal by the developing foetus, as well as a low- 

 ered vitality from prolonged lactation, and it is entirely obvious 

 why these diseases are frequently observed in pregnancy. 



Treatment : Improve the quality and quantity of the food. The 

 regular administration of calcium phosphate in the food is very 

 beneficial. In addition, nux vomica and potassium iodide may be 

 given with good results. 



Mention two causes of hernia of the bladder into the vaginal canal. 

 Give procedure for reducing the hernia. 



This very rare condition may occur by reason of a rupture in 

 the floor of the vagina, or the organ may become everted through 

 a relaxed urethral opening when the intra-abdominal pressure is 

 increased by violent expulsive efforts. 



In the former condition replace the organ and suture the rent in 

 the vaginal floor, taking care to bring the peritoneal surfaces of the 

 wound together. In the latter, gentle pressure should be directed 

 toward returning the everted organ. After replacement is effected, 

 allay irritation by irrigating the bladder with warm, normal salt 

 solution and prevent straining by the use of local or general anas- 

 thetics. 



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