296 VETERINARY STATE BOARD 



lations, abscess formation in various parts, such as the liver, kidneys, 

 spleen, lungs, etc. Therefore the symptoms may be many and 

 varied. 



Treatment: This disease is more easily prevented than cured. 

 Local disinfection is the best and only measure necessary. Remove 

 all necrotic tissue, thoroughly cleanse and apply dry antiseptic 

 powders to the stump of the cord. If the infection has become 

 generalized, all treatment is practically hopeless, but local disin- 

 fection should be energetically effected. The various methods of 

 increasing the opsonic index by injections of antistreptococcic sera, 

 vaccines, etc., may be useful. 



Give the causes, symptoms and treatment of foal-lameness. 



See answer to preceding question. 



Give the treatment of imperforated anus. 



Make an incision through the skin where the anus should be, 

 down upon the mass of meconium in the rectum. 



Give the symptoms and the treatment of persistence of the urachus. 



Symptoms : All, or part, of the urine, depending upon whether 

 the urethra is open or not, is discharged through the navel. Navel 

 infection with omphalophlebitis may follow. 



Treatment : If the urethra is imperforate, attempt opening same, 

 then apply desiccating and astringent antiseptics, such as Tr. iodine, 

 or actual cautery to the navel. If the urethra cannot be opened, 

 the prognosis is bad, as infection will sooner or later enter the navel 

 and produce fatal results. 



What is cyanosis in the new-born? Give cause and symptoms. 



A blueness of the skin and mucous membranes, due to cardiac 

 malformation causing insufficient oxygenation of the blood. 



Cause: Failure of the foramen ovale (a fetal structure, consist- 

 ing of an opening between the auricles) to close at birth. 



Symptoms : Extreme weakness, rapid respiration, and a bluish 

 coloration of the skin and visible mucous membranes. 



Describe the external sexual organs in a case of hermaphrodism. 



Varies greatly in different cases. In general, a rudimentary 

 penis or enlarged clitoris projects backward or downward from the 

 lower commissure of a vulva. The mammary gland is moderately 

 developed in its normal position or may resemble a scrotum and 

 contain undeveloped testicles. 



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