322 VETERINARY STATE BOARD 



Particularly useful as a vaginal and uterine douche and to flush the 

 bladder in cystitis. Used in conjunctivitis and keratitis, and is given 

 internally in diarrhoea, dog distemper, and cystic catarrh. 



What are expectorants? Name two classes of expectorants and give 

 an example of each class. 



Expectorants are agents which modify the secretion of the 

 mucous membrane of the respiratory tract, and promote its 

 expulsion. 



Two classes: nauseating (ipecac) and stimulating (ammonium 

 chloride). 



Name three vegetable bitters. State the dose for (a) the horse, (b) 

 the dog. 



Grentian, (a) % to 1 ounce, (b) 5 to 30 grains. 



Quassia (fluidextract) , (a) 1 to 2 ounces, (b) l^ to 1 drachm. 



Cascarilla, (a) % to 1 ounce, (b) 10 to 30 grains. 



These bitters are useful in promoting the appetite in atonic indi- 

 gestion, chronic gastro-intestinal catarrh, ansemia, debility, and 

 during convalescence from acute diseases, as influenza, pneumonia, 

 etc. They also possess some vermicidal action, especially quassia, 

 infusions of which are used as enemas for rectal worms. 



They are contra-indicated in acute inflammatory conditions of 

 the digestive tract, as they are mild irritants. 



Name three vegetable cathartics. Explain briefly the action of each. 

 State the dose for (a) the horse, (b) the cow, (c) the dog. 



1. Aloes. Stimulates peristalsis and the flow of bile, (a) 8 to 10 

 drachms, (b) 1 to 2 ounces, (c) 20 to 60 grains. 



2. Oleum lini. Acts mechanically by lubricating the bowels, 

 (a) % to 1 pint, (b) 1 to 2 pints, (c) % to 2 ounces. 



3. Oleum ricini. Acts by increasing secretions and mechanically, 

 (a) 1 to 2 pints, (b) 2 to 3 pints, (c) % to 2 ounces. Seldom used 

 in horses and cows. 



Name three drugs that reduce temperature and explain the action of 

 each. 



1. Acetanilide : prevents waste and heat production, by increas- 

 ing radiation and by depressing the activity of the heat centres. 



2. Aconite: causes vascular dilatation, thus increases heat loss 

 by radiation ; retards circulation and thus lessens heat production. 



3. Quinine : by its antiseptic properties lessens reflex excitability, 

 diminishes oxidation, and depresses the heat centres. 



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