340 VETERINARY STATE BOARD 



How should a case of poisoning by chloroform be treated? 



Give hypodermic injections of strychnine or spirits of glonoin 

 to stimulate the heart. Inhalations of ammonia or amyl nitrite have 

 the same object in view. PuU the tongue forward to allow free en- 

 trance of air. Attempt artificial respiration by rhythmically com- 

 pressing the chest with the knees, feet, or hands. Allow plenty of 

 fresh air. 



How should a case of poisoning by chloral hydrate be treated? 



Use stomach-tube, or emetics in vomiting animals. Give large 

 doses of strychnine and atropine subcutaneously. Enemas of strong, 

 hot coffee and alcohol are useful. Arouse patient by shouting and 

 whipping. Inhalations of ammonia or amyl nitrite, as in chloroform 

 poisoning, to stimulate the heart. 



Give the symptoms of morphine poisoning and state the antidotes. 



In the horse, toxic doses of morphine cause considerable cerebral 

 excitement at first, but later depression, loss of reflexes, coma, cold 

 sweat, slow heart, dilatation of the pupil (not contracted, "pin- 

 point," as in other animals and man), lessened urinary secretion, 

 and death by suspension of respiration. 



Antidotes: Potassium permanganate by the mouth, atropine, 

 and strychnine subcutaneously, artificial respiration ; arouse patient 

 by slapping smartly. Emetics should be given vomiting animals. 



Give the symptoms and treatment of atropine poisoning. 



Rapid pulse and respiration, elevated temperature, dryness of 

 mouth, mydriasis, excitement, delirium, muscular twitchings, fre- 

 quent urination. Later the temperature falls, the urine is retained, 

 convulsions occur, the respiration becomes weak, slow, and irregu- 

 lar, death occurs from cardiac and respiratory failure. A few 

 drops of the urine of the poisoned animal placed in the eye of a 

 healthy animal causes mydriasis and aids in diagnosis. 



Treatment : Stomach-pump, emetics, cardiac stimulants. Opium 

 and pilocarpine oppose its physiological action. Tannic acid should 

 be administered as the chemical antidote. Apply external heat in 

 collapse, and give strychnine if respiration fails. 



Give a treatment of strychnine poisoning in the dog. 



Apomorphine hydrochlorate, ^/ao to ^j^ grain hypodermically, 

 is the best and surest emetic. 



Give potassium bromide 2 to 4 drachms, or chloral hydrate 20 

 to 40 grains, to control spasms. Tannic acid is a chemical antidote. 



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