QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 347 



inside wall and into the building just under the ceiling. These 

 intake flues should be 4 inches in diameter and 6 feet apart on all 

 four sides of the building. Impure air passes out through a large 

 ventilating shaft, situated in the middle of the building, and ex- 

 tending from one foot above the floor upward through the ceiling. 

 One such shaft, two feet square, is sufficient for 30 cows. Its top is 

 usually provided with an elbow-like hood which keeps out rain and 

 swings with the wind. The wind creates a suction which favors 

 the circulation of air upward through this out-take flue. Near the 

 ceiling there is an opening in the shaft provided with a door, which 

 is only opened when the temperature of the interior of the building 

 is too high. 



Infectious Diseases 

 What hygienic measures should be employed to check the spread of 

 infectious abortion in cattle? 



Segregation of infected animals. Thoroughly disinfect stables. 

 Wash the external genitals of all pregnant animals daily with a 

 non-irritating antiseptic, and irrigate their vaginas with same. Bum 

 all litter, membranes, and expelled foetuses. Cleanse the penis and 

 sheath of each male which has covered an infected female by irri- 

 gating same with a 1 per cent, soda solution, or I/2 per cent, lysol 

 solution. 



Describe the hygienic and sanitary precautions that should be observed 

 in a case of glanders occurring in a large livery in a city. 



Apply complement-fixation, agglutination, and ophthalmic tests. 

 Destroy all reactors. Burn all litter and thoroughly disinfect the 

 stable, harness, utensils, etc. The stable should be quarantined until 

 tests have been completed. Any animals failing to react should be 

 kept under suspicion until subsequent tests, applied one month later, 

 prove them to be free from the disease. 



Outline a plan for thoroughly disinfecting stable premises that have 

 become infected by the presence of contagious diseases. 



Cleanse the stable thoroughly by removing manure and piles of 

 fodder, sweeping the ceilings, walls, and floors, removal of rotten 

 woodwork and loose boards, especially of the floor, removal of dried 

 accumulations about mangers, floors, and drains; burn all the 

 removed material; scrub the mangers, feed-boxes, stalls, partitions, 

 harnesses, utensils, etc., with hot water and strong soap, lye, or wash- 

 ing soda. After cleansing, apply a chemical disinfectant with a 

 brush or, preferably, with a spray pump, which will carry it into 

 every crevice and over every surface. Bichloride of mercury, 



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