QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 361 



From the following list of hay, grains and concentrates, subdivide those 

 best suited for dairy cattle, beef cattle, horses, sheep and 

 swine: Hay — ^timothy, common red clover and alfalfa; 

 grains — peas, oats, barley and rye ; concentrates — bran, cot- 

 ton-seed meal, oil cake and gluten meal. 

 Dairy cattle : Clover hay, alfalfa, barley, bran, cotton-seed meal, 

 oil cake, and gluten. 



Beef cattle : Clover hay, rye, bran, cotton-seed meal, and gluten. 

 Horses : Timothy hay, alfalfa, oats, bran, and barley. 

 Sheep : Clover hay, alfalfa, bran, cotton-seed meal, gluten, and 

 oil cake. 



Swine : Clover hay, peas, barley, and bran. 



Define the following terms : hereditary, prepotency, in-breeding, cross- 

 breeding, thoroughbred and grade. 



Hereditary refers to diseases or qualities which are derived from 

 ancestry or obtained by inheritance. 



Prepotency is a quality possessed by certain individuals, by 

 reason of which they have greater power than the other parent in 

 transmitting inheritable characters to the offspring. 



In-breeding is a form of line-breeding which involves the breeding 

 together of sire and offspring or dam and offspring or of brother and 

 sister. 



Cross-breeding refers to the combining of ancestral lines of two 

 distinct races, breeds, or varieties. 



The term thoroughbred refers to a specific breed of horses (the 

 English race-horse) which are noted for speed and endurance. 



The term grade is applied to an offspring resulting from the 

 mating of a common or unimproved parent with one more highly 

 improved, a "pure-bred." 



What is atavism? dive an example. 



Atavism is the inheritance of characteristics from remote, but not 

 from the immediate, ancestors. In breeding pure-bred animals we 

 occasionally obtain an offspring which is off-color or off-type and 

 resembles a very remote ancestor. The peculiar color or type may 

 not have been shown in several generations. 



Name the various breeds of dairy cattle and wool sheep. 



Dairy cattle: Holstein-Friesians, Jerseys, Guernseys, and 



Ayrshires. 



Wool sheep: Merinos, Southdowns, Shropshires, Oxfords, Dor- 

 sets, Leicesters, Cotswolds, and Lineolns. 

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