658 GLOSSARY 



Pupa, plural pupae. See pupal stage. 



Pupal stage. That stage in the life of most insects which follows 

 the larval or " oaterpiljar " or "grub" stage and which im- 

 mediately precedes the stage of the mature insect. The 

 pupal stage is not usually a period of growth, but of in- 

 activity and of change of form. 



Quarter drains. Shallow cross-drains in a field of sugar-cane. 



Rachis. The portion of the stem on which flowers and seeds are 



borne. 

 Raw phosphate. See p. 330. 



Recessive quality. That one of a pair of- contrasting qualities 



that appears in the smaller proportion in the hybrid offspring. 



Red clover. Commonly called clover ; a biennial forage plant 



with roundish, pinkish flower heads. 

 Rhizoctonia. The scientific name of the damping-off or sore-shin 



disease of young cotton plants. 

 Rice bran. See p. 220. 

 Rice pohsh. See p. 220. 

 Rice weevil. Though named for the rice plant, this weevil does 



most injury to stored corn. 

 Rick. A long stack. 

 Ridging. See bedding. 

 Rivers. See benders. 

 Rotation of crops. The succession of crops that follow each other 



on the same field in regular order. 

 Rust. Diseases of certain plants due to the presence of definite, 



minute, vegetable organisms. 



Score-card. A numerical standard of excellence. 



Screening. Separating by means of sieves. 



Sea Island cotton. The plant that produces the longest, finest 



cotton fiber; its name is taken from the fact that this 



species of cotton is grown chiefly on islands along the South 



Atlantic seacoast. 

 Self-pollination. Conveyance of pollen to the pistil of the same 



plant. Oats and wheat are self-pollinated. 

 ShanJk. In the corn plant, the support for the ear. 

 Shatter. To drop the grains prematurely. 

 Sheaf oats. Oat-plants not threshed, including grain and straw. 

 Sheath. The lower or stem-encircling part of the leaves of grass- 



Uke plants. 

 Shock. A collection of bundles of grain plants leaning together ; 



a small pile of hay. 

 Shocker. See p. 198. 

 Shovel. A shovel plow is intermediate in width and shape be- 



