REFERENCES AND QUOTATIONS. 317 



meme penchant existe d4jA dans les nouveaux individas, avant 

 m6me qu'ils I'aient exerc^." I. 325. 



"' The acute author of the book, " Das Unbewusste " defines 

 instinct in essentially the same manner as Lamarck. " In this 

 sense it may be said that every instinct is in the last instance by 

 its origin an acquired habit, and the proverb that 'habit is 

 second nature ' thus receives the unexpected supplement that habit 

 is also the beginning and origin of the first nature, i. e., of instinct. 

 For it is always habit, /. n., the frequent repetition of the same 

 function, which so firmly impresses the mode of action, however 

 acquired, upon the central organs of the nervous system that the 

 predisposition thus originated becomes transmissible." p. 182. 



'° The highly important doctrine which Lyell has substantiated 

 with his rich experience is also distinctly and concisely enunciated 

 by Lamarck in the Philosophic Zoologique :— ;- 



" Si Ton considire, d'une part, que dans tout ce que la nature opere 

 elle ne fait rien brusquement, et que partout elle agit avec lenteur 

 t-t par d6gr6s successifs, et de 1 'autre part que les causes particu- 

 li^res ou locales des desordres, des bouleverseraens, des ddplace- 

 niens, etc., peuvent rendre raison de tout ce que I'on observe k la 

 surface de notre globe, et sont nfenmoins assujetties k. ses lois et 

 k sa marche g6n6rale, on reconnattra qu'il n'est nullement necessaire 

 cle supposer qu'une catastrophe universelle est venue culbuter et 

 cletruire une grande partie des operations m^mes de la nature.'' \. 80. 



" Principles of Geology. 



" In 1870, as well as in 1872, the majority in the French 

 Academy bor.e this testimony to Darwin. The reiterated proposal 

 of electing him a member was certainly not rejected until such 

 men as Milne-Edwards and Quatrefages . had made the stand- 

 point clear to the scientific judges. 



"' Origin of Species. Fifth Ed. 1872. 



The other works cited are, " The Variation of Animals and 

 Plants under Domestication," 1868; "The Descent of Man and 

 Sexual Selection," 2nd ed., 1871 ; " Expression of the Emotions in 

 Man and Animals," 1872. 



*" Malthus (1798) investigated the conditions of the increase and 

 decrease of human population. He finds that the rise in popula- 



