REFERENCES AND QUOTATIONS. 319 



1865. Nageli's later investigations (Sitzungsberichte der mathe- 

 matisch-physikalischen Klasse der Munchner Al<ademie, 1872, 

 p. 305) confirm the doctrine of descent. He shows that the grega- 

 riousness of merely allied species and their varieties proves more 

 favourable to the formation of species than isolation. " The asso- 

 ciated forms — of certain Alpine plants — have, as it were, recipro- 

 cally modified one another ; they exhibit, to express myself thus, 

 u specific social type, which is different in each assemblage, 

 and therefore in every neighbourhood. This fact incontro- 

 vertibly shows that the forms have altered since they were asso- 

 ciated. 



" The specific social type consists in their showing a notable 

 accordance in certain characteristics, while in others they repre- 

 sent extremes, and in these sometimes exceed all their congeners 

 in other districts. 



" From these facts it follows undoubtedly that the movement in 

 the cenobitic forms {i. e. living together) is divergent. For extreme 

 characteristics are developed in them, whereas the eremitical 

 forms exhibit a medium in their characteristics. 



" Nageli proves that since the glacial period an alteration 

 has taken place in Alpine plants, and the manner in which it 

 occurred." 



°° J. Broca, L'Ordre des Primates. Parallele anatomique de 

 I'homme and des singes, 1870. 



" Descent of Man, p. 367. 



" At the time at which we write, we have before us, unfortunately, 

 only the incomplete reports of the daily papers, and the syllabus 

 of Professor Max Miiller's " Three Lectures on Mr. Darwin's 

 t'hilosophy of Language." 



" Zollner, "Ueber die Natur der Kometen" (i ed. p. 305). 



" For the further instruction of the reader, we will allow another 

 Philosopher and Naturalist to speak respecting the primordial com- 

 mencement of life, to our apprehension so simply accountable. 

 The hypothesis of origin is under discussion. In the critical 

 examination of the " Philosophic des Unbewussten " (7) it runs 

 thus, p. 22. The " Philosophie des Unbewussten " says, p. 558 : 

 " It is probable that before the origin of the first organisms. 



