26 FIELD ORNITHOLOGY. 



Materials. — (a.) For stuffing- "What do you stuff 'em with?" is usually the first 

 question of idle curiosity about taxidermy, as if that were the great poiut; whereas, the stuffing 

 is so small a matter that I generally reply, "anything, except brickbats .' " But if stuffing 

 birds were the final cause of Cotton, that admirable substance could not bo more perfectly 

 adapted than it is to the purpose. Ordinary raw cotton-batting or wadding is what you want. 

 When I can get it I never think of using anything else for small birds. I would use it for all 

 birds were expense no object. Here tow comes in ; there is a fine, clean, bleached article of 

 tow prepared for surgical dressings ; this is the best, but any will do. Some say chop your 

 tow fine ; this is harmless, but unnecessary. A crumpled newspaper, wrapped with tow, is 

 first-rate for a large Ijird. Failing cotton or tow, any soft, light, dry, vegetahle substance may 

 be made to answer, — rags, paper, crumbled leaves, fine dried grass, soft fibrous inner bark, 

 etc. ; the down (jf certain plants, as thistle and silkweed, malies an exquisite filling for small 

 birds. But I will (pialify my remark about bricltbats by saying : never put hair , loool, feathers, 

 or any other animal substance in a birdsliin ; far better leave it empty: for, as we shall see in 

 tlie sequel, bugs come fast enough, without being invited into a snug nest, [h.) For preserv- 

 ing. Arsenic, — ■ not the pure metal projjcrly no called, but arsenic of the shops, or arsenious 

 acid, — is the great preservative. Use dry powdered arsenic, plenty of it, and nothing else. 

 There is no substitute for arsenic wortliy of the iianre, and no preparation of arsenic so good as 

 the simple substance. Various kinds of "arsenical soap " were and may still be in vogue ; 

 it is a nasty greasy suTistauce, not fit to handle; and although efficacious enough, there is a 

 very serious hygienic <ibjection t" its use.' Arsenic, I need not say, is a violent irritant poison, 

 and must therefore lie AxAj guarded, but maybe used with perfect impunity. It is a very 

 heavy substance, not appreciably volatile at ordinary temperatures, and therefore not liable, 

 as some suppose, to be breathed, t(j any perceptible, much less injurious, extent. It will not 

 even at once enter the pores of healthy unbroken skin ; so it is no matter if it gets on the fingers. 

 The exceedingly minute quantity that may be supposed to find its way into the system in the 

 course of time is believed by many competent physicians to be rather beneficial as a tonic. I 

 ■ivill not commit myself to this; for, though I have never felt better than when working daily 

 with arsenic, I do not know how much my health was improved by the out-door exercise 

 always taken at the same time. The simple precautions are, not to let it lie too long in con- 

 tact M'ith the skin, nor get into an abrasion, nor under the nails. It will convert a scratch or 

 cut into a festering sore of some little severity ; while if lodged under the nails it soon shows 

 itself by soreness, increased by pressure ; a white speck appears, then a tiny abscess forms dis- 

 charges and gets well in a few days. Your precautions reaUy respect other persons more than 

 yourself; the receptacle should be conspicuously labelled "POISON!" Arsenic is a good 

 friend of ours : besides preserving our birds, it keeps busybodies aud meddlesome folks away 

 from the scene of operations, by raising a wholesome susi)icion of the taxidermist's surround- 

 ings. It may be kept in the tin pots in which it is usually sold ; but some shallower, broader 

 receptacle is more convenient. A little drawer say x G inches, and an inch deep, to sliji 

 under the edge of the table, or a similar compartment in a large drawer, will be found handy. 

 A salt-spoon, or little wooden shovel whittled like one, is nice to use it with, though in effect, 

 I always shovel it up with the handle of a scalpel. As stated, there is no substitute for arsenic; 



1 "Strange as it may appear to some, 1 would say avoid especially all the so-called arsenical soaps • they 

 are at best but filthy preparations ; besides, it is a fact to wbicli I can bear painful testimony that they are 

 especially when applied to a greasy skin, poisonous in the extreme. I have been so badly poisoned, while working 

 upon the skins of some fat water birds that had been prepared with arsenical soap, as to be made seriously ill the 

 poison Ijaving worked into the system through some small wounds or scratches on my hand. Had pure arsenic 

 been used in preparing the skins, the etlect would not have boon as bad, although grease and arsenic are generally 

 a blood-poison in some degree ; but when combined wilh • soap ' the ellcct, at least as far as my experience so J 

 Is much more injurious." (Mavnaui., Guide, p. 12.) In endorsing tins, I would a.1.1 that the combination is the 

 more poisonous, in all probability, sin,,,ly because the soap, being detersive, mechanically facilitates the entrance 

 of the poison, without, however, chemically increasing its virnlenrc. 



