54 FIELD OBNITHOLOGY. 



Such trays should all be of the same depth, — lialf an inch is a convenient depth for general 

 purposes ; and of assorted sizes, say from one inch by one and one-half inches up to three by 

 six inches ; it is convenient to have the dimensions regularly graduated by a constant factor 

 of, say half an inch, so that the httle boxes may be set side by side, either lengthwise or 

 crosswise, without interference. Eggs may also be kept safely, advantageously, and with 

 attractive effect, in the nests themselves, in which a fluff of cotton may be placed to steady 

 them. When not too bulky, too loosely constructed, or of material unsuitable for preservation, 

 nests should always be collected.' Those that are very closely attached to twigs should not be 

 torn off. Nests threatening to come to pieces, or too frail to be handled without injury, may 

 be secured by sewing through and through with tiue thread: indeed, this is a.n advisable pre- 

 caution in most cases. Packing eggs for transportation requires much care, but the precau- 

 tions to be taken are obvious. I will only remark that there is no safer way than to leave them 

 in their own nests, each wrapped in cotton, with which the whole cavity is to be lightly filled ; 

 the nests themselves being packed close enough to be perfectly steady. 



5> 10. — CAEE OF A COLLECTION. 



Well Preserved Specimens will last "forever and a day," so far as natural decay is 

 cdueerued. I have handled birds in good stati', shut liack iu the twenties, and have no d(jubt 

 that some eighteenth century preparatiims are stRl extant. The precautions against dufilemeut, 

 mutilation, i.r other mechanical injury, are self-evident, and may be dismissed with the remark, 

 that lohite plumages, especially if at all greasy, require the most care to guard against soiling. 

 We have, however, to fight fur our possessions against a host of enemies, individually despica- 

 ble but collectively formidable, — foes so determined that untiring vigilance is required to ward 

 ciff their attacks even temporarily, whilst in the end they pirove invincible. It may be said that 

 to be eaten up by insects is the natural cud of aU bird-skins nut suoner dostr(jyed. 



I "A Plea for the Study of jfests," made tiy Mr. Ernest Ingersoll in liis excellent " Birds'-Nesting," suits 

 me so \Yeil that 1 will transcribe it. * ' Wlietlier or not it is wortti while to collect nests — for there are many per- 

 sons wlio never do so — is, it seems to me, only a question of room in the cabinet. As a scientific study there is far 

 more advantage to be obtained from a series of nests than from a series of eggs. The nest is something with which 

 the will and energies of the bird are concerned. It expresses the character of the worliman ; is to a certain extent 

 an index of its rank among binls, — for in general those of the highest organization are the best architects, — and 

 give us a glimpse of the bird's mind and power to understand and adapt itself to changed conditions of life. Over 

 the shape and ornamentation of an egg the bird has no control, being uo more able to govern the matter than it 

 can the growtli of its beak. There is as much <litFerence to me, in the interest inspired, between the nest and tlie 

 egg of a bird, as between its hrain and its skull, — using the word brain to mean the seat of intellect. The nest is 

 always more or less the result of conscious pilanning and intelligent work, even though it does follow a hereditary 

 habit in its styles while the egg is an automatic production varying, if at all, only as the whole organization of 

 tlie bii'd undergoes change. Don't neglect the nests then. In them more than anywhere else lies the key to the 

 mind and thoughts of a bird, — the spirit which inhabits that beautiful frame and bubbles out of that golden 

 mouth. And is it not this inner life, — this human significance in bird nature, — tins soul of ornithology, that we 

 are all ainung to discover? Nests are beantllLd, too. What can surpass the delicacy of the humming-bird's home 

 glued to the surface of a mossy branch or nestling in the warped pomt of a pendent leaf; the vireo's silken ham- 

 mock ; the oriole's gracefully swaying purse; the blackbird's model basket in the flags; the snug little caves of the 

 marsh wrens ; the hermitage-huts of the shy wagtails and ground-warblers, the stout fortresses of the sociable 

 swallows! Moreover, there is much that is higldy interesting which remains to be learned about nests, and which 

 can only be known by paying close attention to these artistic masterpieces of animal art. We want to larow by 

 what sort ot sIuU the many nests are woven together that we find it so hard even to disentangle; we want to know 

 how long they are in being built; whether there ia any jiarticular choice in respect to location; whether it be a 

 rule, as is supposed, that the female bird is the architect, to the exclusion of her mate's efforts further than his 

 supplying a part ot the materials. Many such points remain to be cleared up. Then there is the question of 

 variation, and its extent in the architect of the same species in ditt'erent quarters of its ranging area. How far is 

 this carried, and how many varieties can be recorded from a single district, wdiere the same list of materials is 

 open to all the birds equally? Variation shows iJldividual opinion or tasto among the builders as to the suitability 

 of this or that sort of timber or furniture for their dwellings, and observations upon it thus increase our acquaint- 

 ance with the scope of ideas and habits characteristic of each species of bird" 



