THE ANATOMY OF BIRDS. — PNEUMATOLOOY. 207 



o, p, trachea, or -windpipe ; q, inferior larj'nx, or syrinx ; r. r, right and left bronchus : .■;,•,% .s-s, contractor mnscles 

 of trachea; /, t, lungs, with ;/, u, apertures comniunicating witli thoracic air-cells ; /-, v, i\ three pairs of rauscalar 

 slips answering to a rudimentary diaphragm; 1,2,3, 4,5, ti, 7, as many ribs. — 2. Hyoid bone; a, ghjsso-hyal, tipped 

 with cartilage, its posterior horns being ccrato-hyals i)roper ; b, ba>i-liyal ; r, basi-brancljial jirnpr-r, i_-ontrnon!y 

 called uro-hyal ; d, d, cerato-branchials proper, cnmmonly called apo-hyals ; e, c, ei>ibrancliials proper, couimoidy 

 called cerato-hyals, tipped with cartiUige./,/. — 3. Glottis, or opening of trachea in the mouth; a, base of tongue; 

 fc, &, horns of hyoid bone; c, rima glnttidis, cleft or chink of the glottis ; r?, a triangular vacuity ; c, an elastic liga- 

 ment ; (/ and e represent an epiglottis ; _/' /, a papillose surface. — 4. Larynx viewed from before (below); </, thy- 

 roid bone or cartilage. — 5. Larynx viewed from behlTid (above); a, thyroid bone; b, b, its appendages; c, cricoid: 

 (/, d, arytenoids; e, e, anterior border of thyroid, to which d, d are connected by two arytenoid ligaments. — G. 

 Larynx viewed from right si<le ; a, thyroid ; 6, appendage ; c, cricoid ; d, arytenoid ; /./, cartilage attached to ary- 

 tenoid; £/, a tracheal ring. —7. Larynx viewed from behind ; a, thyroid; i), ^, its appendages; c, cricoid; f?,(7,ary- 

 tenoids. — 8, 9, 10, 11, 12. Muscles of the larynx ; 1, 1 (tig. H), thyro-hyoids ; 'Z, 2 (tig. U), thyro-arytenoids, or openers 

 of the glottis; 3, 3 (tig. 10\ oblique arytenoids; 4, 4 (tig. 11), thyro-cricoids ; 5, 5 (tigs. 11 and 12), posterior thynt- 

 cricoids. — 13. Bifurcation of tracliea; aba, last entire Tracheal ring. — 14. Last entire tracheal ring, viewed from 

 below, crossed by the pessulus. — 15. Bifurcati(»n of trachea, and bronchi, viewed from below; a. pessulus, the 

 bolt-bar, or •' bone of divarication " ; b, b, next succeeding tracheal half-rings. —16. a, b, c, d, inferior laryngeal 

 or syringeal muscles, not well made out in this tigure; see text. But the typical oscine arrangement (acromyo- 

 dian) is perceived, inasmuch as anterior (a) ami posterior (d) intrinsic muscular masses go to ends of the hrst 

 tracheal half-ring, at /) and c : the extrinsic slip e passing to sternum ; compare lig. 1, at q. — 17. Trachea, etc., of 

 the nightingale, nat. Mze. (Compare tigs. 3, 67, 72, 73, 74.) 



The Song of Birds unlocks the great secret of Genesis to those Avho can hear the key- 

 note. It is the cLiiust approach, in animate nature, to the ringing of the hydrogen bells in the 

 physics of light. The musical instrument figured (101, i') is the identical pipe the '• ureat god 

 I*an " first fashioned f.ir a legacy to all time, as so sweetly said by Mrs. Browning : — 



" He tore out a reed, tlie great god Pan, 



From the deep cool bed of the river. 

 The liui[)id wafer turbidly ran. 

 And the broken lilies a-dying lay, 

 And the dragon-tly had fled away, 



Ere he brought it out of the river. 



" ' This is the way,' laughed the great god Pan, 

 (Laughed while he sate by the river!) 

 Tlie oidy way since gods began 

 To nudie sweet iniisie, they could succeed.' 

 Then dnipping his mouth to a hole in the reed, 

 He blew Iti p(jwer by the river. 



"Sweet, sweet, sweet, O Pan, 



Piercing sweet by the river! 

 Blinding sweet, O great good Pan! 

 Tht-^ sun on the hill forgot to die, 

 And the lilies revived, and the dragon-fly 



Came back to dream on the river." 



But the sad sequel, felt by Keats, when poor Psyche has seen and known, and Eros has 

 found his wings : — 



" So did he feel who pulled the boughs aside. 

 That we niiglit look into a forest wide, 

 To catch a glimpse of Fauns, and Dryades 

 Coming with softest ruslie through the trees; 

 And garlantls woven of flowers wilil ami sweet, 

 U[>held on ivory wrists, or sporting feet: 

 Telling us how f;iir trembling Sijrlnx fled 

 Arcadian Pan, with such a fearful dread. 

 Poor Nymph, — poor Pan, — how he did weep to find 

 Naught but a lovely sighing of the wind 

 Along the reedy stream! a half heard strain 

 Full of sweet desolation, balmy paiu." 



The blessed blue-bird, ^'bearing the sky upon her back," is burthened with the same 

 " Ught load of song " — 



