EXPLANATION OF COLORED FRONTISPIECE. 



ANATOMY OF PIGEON, 9, t Nat. Size. 



The hreast-bone and entire front walls of body removed ; the viscera drawn to the right. 



A, A, skin of neck turned aside. — a, (ipeuiug of bursa fabricii into cloaca. — B, brain 

 removed from skull and turned hind part before (p. 176). — Bp, brachial plexus (p. 177). — 

 b, opening of oviduct into cloaca (p. 219). — C, crop, with left C, and right C", lateral dila- 

 tations (p. 212). — c, opening of left ureter into cloaca (p. 21i). — ca, casca coli, point where 

 small intestines pass into colon (p. 214) . — D, D, duodenal loop of intestine, enfolding pan- 

 creas (p. 213). — E, oesophagus, gullet (p. 211). — Er, right ear-opening. — e, left cerebral 

 hemisphere. — f, optic nerve (p. 176). — G, gizzard ; letter on central tendon (p. 212). — g 

 left optic lobe (p. 176). — H, heart (p. 196) ; the unlettered orange-red arteries from it are the 

 short right and long left innominate, latter dividing into left carotid and left subclavian (both 

 cut short), former dividing into right carotid (the long ascending vessel) and right subclavia 

 just over the letters "Ty"; main aortic arch (right) not shown (pp. 197, 19S) ; the unlet- 

 tered bright-blue vessels are the pulmonary arteries. — Hy, hyoid arch (p. 167). — h, cerebel- 

 lum (p. 176). — lid, hepatic ducts entering duodenum from liver (p. 215). — i, tennination 

 of rectum iu cloaca (p. 214). — J, cesophagus between crop and proventriculus. — Kn, knee 

 (p. 120). — k, k, k, three lobes of kidney, lying in pelvis p, ureter w passing down upon 

 them to c (p. 217). — IjL, liver, right and left lobes, receiving apex of heart between them 

 (p. 215). — Lg, leg (p. 120).— Lu, left lung (see p. 200; compare fig. 101).— M, M', M", 

 M'", stumps of cut pectoral muscles (p. 19o). — m, entrance into lung of left bronchial tube. 

 N, N, skinned neck. — n, spigelian lobe of liver. — O, left ovary, inactive (p. 220, fig. 108) 

 od, left oviduct, passing down with ureter to b. — P, pelvis partly exposed (p. 147). — Pc, 

 pancreas, lying in duodenal fold of intestine fp. 215). — Pr, proventriculus or true stomach, 

 between cesophagus and gizzard (p. 212). — p, medulla oblongata, connecting brain with 

 spinal cord (p. 175). — Q, coils of intestine, coming down from D', behind G, passing ca to i 

 (p. 213). — B, cut ends of several ribs. — r, r', two openings leading from lung to not shown 

 air-sacs (p. 200, fig. 101, u, ti). — S, spleen. — Sr is placed over the syrinx ; the fleshy bands 

 on each side of the letters are the intrinsic syringeal muscles ; the narrower bands diverging 

 from trachea between Sr and Tr are extrinsic muscles (p. 204, fig. 101, 16, a-e). — Th, 

 thigh (p. 120). — Tr, trachea or wind-pipe (p. 201). — Ty, a gland. — t, intermediate mus- 

 cle of the gizzard. — U or V, remains of skull broken open to remove brain. — v, v', v", 

 three pancreatic ducts entering intestine (p. 215). — w, ureter, see k, above. — Di'awn and 

 colored from nature by Dr. E. W. Shupeldt, U. S. A. 



