SYSTEMATIC SYNOPSIS. — PASSERES — OSCINES. 



rich clicstiiut, other coverts and inner secondaries edged with paler. Bill dark horn-blue ; 



feet brown. Lciiuth (1. 50-7. 00; extent 10.50-11.00; wing 3.25-3.50, shai-p-poiuted ; tail 



2.50-2.75, emarginate. ?. Smaller; wing under 

 3.00, etc.; above, like the $, hut head and neck 

 plainer; below, less tinged with yellow, the black 

 tliroat-patcli wanting, replaced by sparse sharp 

 maxillary and pectoral streaks, the wing-coverts 

 not chestnut, though so indicated by rufous edg- 

 ings of the individual feathers. Young ^ : Larger 

 than the 9 , but in general similar ; throat-patcli 

 indicated by blackish feathers ; wing-coverts chest- 

 nut. An elegant species, of trim form, tasteful 

 colors and very smooth plumage, abundant in the 

 fertile portions of the Eastern U. S. ; N. to Massa- 

 chusetts ; W. to Kansas, Nebraska, Colorado, and 

 in the south to Arizona ; rather southerly, scarcely 

 reaching the N. border of the U. S. anywhere ; 

 winters wholly extraliuiital ; breeds throughout its 

 U. S. range. Not a good vocalist; the simjile 

 ditty sounds like chip-chip-chee, cliee, cliee. Nest 

 normally plain greenish-white, rarely speckled ; 



Fig. 247 - 

 (Sliepp.ard del. 



Black-throated Bunting, reduced. 

 Nicbols sc.) 



on tlie ground, or in a low bush ; eggs i- 

 0.80 X 0.65. 



288. S. town'sendi. (To J. K. Townsend.) Townsbnd's Bunting. " Upper parts, head and 

 neck all round, sides of body and forepart of breast, slate-blue ; back and upper surface of wings 

 tinged with yellowish-browu ; interscapulars streaked with black ; superciliary and maxillary 

 line, chin and throat and central line of under parts from breast to crissum, white ; edge of 

 wing, and gloss on breast and middle of belly, yellow ; a black spotted line fi'om lower corner of 

 lower mandible down the side of the throat, connecting with a crescent of streaks in the upper 

 edge of the slate portion of the breast." Pennsylvania ; one specimen known, a standing puzzle 

 to ornithologists, in the uncertainty whether it is a " good species," or merely an abnormal plu- 

 mage of the last, or a hybrid, possibly of S. americana 9 X (J Guiraca cccrulea. WhUe it is not 

 improbable that the type came from an egg laid by S. americana, even such immediate ancestry 

 would not forbid recognition of " specific characters; " the solitary bird lurving Tieen killed, it 

 represents a species which died at its birth. 



89. ZAMELO'DIA. (Gr. (a, ga, much, very ; fieXcoSia, melodia. 

 melody. Fig. 218.) Song- Grosbeaks. Bill extremely 

 heavy, with the lower mandible as deep as the upper or 

 deeper, the commissural angle strong, far in advance of the 

 feathered base of the bill, the rictus overhung with a few long 

 stiff bristles. Wing with outer 4 primaries abruptly longer 

 thau 5th. Tail shorter than wing, even or scarcely rounded. 

 Feet short and stout. Embracing two large species, of beau- 

 tiful and striking colors, the sexes dissimilar. ^ black and 

 white, with carmine-red or orange-brown ; 9 otherwise, but 

 with lining of wings yellow. Brilliant songsters ; nest in 



trees and bushes ; eggs spotted. 



Analysis of Species. 



(f black and white, with carmine-red on breast and under wings. 9 with lining of wings saffron-yellow. 



Eastern huJoviciaiia 289 



(f black and white, with orange-brown on breast : ^ 9 with lining of wings and belly yellow. Western 



melanocepkala 290 



Pig. 248. —Bill of Zr.mclm'ia (Z 

 ludoviciana, nat. size.) (Ad nat del 

 IS. C.) 



