TYBAXXID^ — TTBANNIX^E : TYEAXT FLYCATCHEES. 433 



oilijiiii; I'f the wiTiirs auil tail. Lencrtli about S.OO; extent li.od; mug 4.50; tail 3.50, 

 even ev flightlv louuded : bill suiall. under au iueli loug. Temperate X. Aiu., but ehietlv 

 E. r. S. to Koekv Mts. ; rare or easual on the Paeitie slope; abundant in summer; breeds 

 throuuhout its range : wiutors on the southern border and 

 bovond. Tins trun and shapely " martinet," in severe 

 blaek and white but with tierv pompon, is familiar to aU, 

 and equally noted tor its irritability, pugnaeity, and intre- 

 pidity, and its inveterate enmity to erows, hawks, and owls, 

 wliieh it does not hesitate to attaeli, either in defeuee of its 

 nest i>r just to show its spunk. Nest a eonspieuous object 

 iu the oreliard or by the wayside, on the horizontal bough 

 of a tree, large, eupped, eompaetly woven and matted with 

 tibrous and disintegrated vegetable substauees; eggs usu- 

 ally -i-j-il, 0.90 to 1.00 loug by 0.70 broad, white, rosy, or 

 ereamy. variously spotted or blotched in bold pattern with 

 reddish and darker briuvn surface-spots and lilac shell- 



markini;s. Destroys a thousaud noxious insects for every Fic.. :."*;'..— King-bird, re^luocd vFroni 



1 , -, ,1 Tenucv, :it"ter Wilson, ) 



oee It i-'ats . 



369. T. ilominioen'sis. (^Of St. Domingo.) Gray Kisg-bikli. Jf $ . adult : Five or six outer 

 primaries usually emarginate. Crown-spot as before. Grayish-pluiubeous. rather darker on 

 head, the anriculars dusky. Below, white, shaded with ashy on breast and sides, the under 

 wing- and tail-coverts faintly yellowish ; wings and tail dusky, edged with whitish or yel- 

 lowish ; the tail-teaihers merely indistinctly lii^hter at the extreme tip. Lari;-er than the last : 

 Length about 9.00 ; wing 5.50 : tail nearly 5.00, more or less emarginate ; bill very turgid, an 

 ineb loug. West Indies ; Florida regularly ; X. to Carolina rarely, to Massachusetts acci- 

 dentally. General appieai~ance, habits and nestiug of the kiug-bu'd. 



370. T. vertioa lis. iLat. vertical i.-:. relating to the rerttw. or top of head, which has a liame-patch. 

 Fig. lVS. I Ai!K,\xsAS Tyuaxt Fi.YC.VTCHER. Several outer primaries sradually atteuuated 

 for a long distance (^tig. ,'79. c). Coloration olivaceous and yeUow ; bellv and under wiug- 

 and tail-coverts clear yellow : back ashy-olive, cbangiug to clear ash on the head, throat, and 

 breast, the chin whitening, the lores and anriculars dusky ; wings dark brown with whitish 

 edgiui;- : tail blaek or blackish; bill and feet black: iris brown. Outer web I'f outer tail- 

 feather entirely white. Ash of the fore parts pale, comrastiua- with dusky lores aud auric- 

 ulars, fiding insensibly into white on the chiu, and changing craduallv to vellow- on the 

 belly : olive predominating over ashy on the back. Length about O.OO ; extent about 10.50 ; 

 wing 5.00; tail 4.00; bill 0.75: tarsus 075. Youuc ; SimQar ; general ash of the body 

 dull, with a brownish cast : Little or no olivaceous on back : tail uot quite black : yellow of 

 uuder parts pale and sulphury, even whitish: bill light-colored at base below; no c.dnr on 

 eron^n. and primaries scarcely or uot atteimate. Very youni: with rusty edgings, especially 

 on wing- aud tail-coverts. Western V. S.. abundant: accideutal iu Louisiana. New Jersev, 

 and Maine ; E. regularly to Kansas. Iowa. etc.. X. to British Provinces iu Missouri and MUk 

 Eiver region and westward. Oieneral traits those of the king-bird : nest similar, rather 

 larger, with more tiuti'y and less fibrous material ; eggs not distinguishable with eertaiuty. 



3*1. T. Toei'ferans. (Lat. vocifcrnns, vociferous, voice-bearing : n\i: voice, and few. I bear.) 

 (. ASSix s Tykaxt Flycatcher. Several outer primaries abruptly emargiuate for a short 

 ilistance t^tig. i7i\ ih. Outer web of outer tail-feather barely or not edged with whitish. General 

 coloration as in J". va-ticaU-f: but ash of fore parts dark, bttle dtli'ereut on the lores and anricu- 

 lars. changing rather abruptly to white ou the chin aud to yellow on the bellv : ashv predomi- 

 nating over olive ou the back. The difference is decisive on comparison. The outer primaries 

 are abruptly nicked and narrowed within half an inch of the end. The mere edging of the outer 



