TETBA ONIDJS — TETBA 0NIN2E : GB USE. 



677 



and Southern States — wherever the Ruffed Grouse is called " pheasant," the Bob-white, Ortyx 

 virginiana, is called "partridge." (3.) The term " quail" is specially applicable to the Euro- 

 pean Migratory or Messina Quail, Coturnix dactylisonans. But this resembles our Bob-white 

 not distantly, causing the latter to be called " quaU " in the sections where the Ruffed and Spruce 

 Grouse are called " partridge ; " and in the Southwest, the species of Lophortyx, Oreortyx, and 

 Cyrtonyx are universally called "quail." The following tabular statement should bring the 

 matter clearly into view. 



Summary of North American TETEAONiDiE - 

 Gr'-IUSE, with feathers on shank (Tetraoninee) . 

 1. 



Grouse, Partridge, Quail. 



Western. One species : 



Sage Fou'l: Sage Cock; Sage-Hen; Cock-of-the-Plains. 

 Centrocercus iirophasiamis. 



2. Sharp-tailed Grouse: Pin-taQ Grouse; Prairie Hen or Prairie Chicken of the North- 



west : 1 species, 2 varieties : Pedi(xcetes phasianelhis. 



3. Pinnated Grouse: common Prairie Hen or Prairie Chicken of the Mississippi, Ohio, 



and Lower Missouri valleys. One species ; two varieties : Ciipidonia cicpido. 



4. Tree Grouse : Spruce Grouse ; Black Grouse ; the Northern States species improperly 



called " partridge." One species, two varieties: Canace canadensis. 

 Another species of 3 varieties, confined to the West : Canace ohscura. 



5. Buffed Grouse : improperly called "partridge " in the Northern and " pheasant " in the 



Middle and Southern States. One species, Bonasa umhella, of 3 varieties. 



6. Snow Grouse, or Ptarmigan. Three species of Lagopus, boreal and alpine, turning 



white in winter : L. alhus, L. rupestris, L. leucurus. 



Partridge and Quail, without feathers on shank (^Odontopjhorinai) . 



7. The imported Messina Quail, or Migratory Quail of Eurtqie : one species : Coturnix 



dactylisonans. 



8. Bob-white: called "quail" in Northern States; called "partridge" in the Middle 



and Southern States. One species : Ortyx virginiana, with 2 varieties, one in 

 Fhn-ida, the other in Texas. 



9. Helmet Partridges : of the Southwest, commonly called " quail," with a beautiful 



recurved top-knot. Two species of Lophortyx : L. gambeli, L. californica, commonly 

 called " valley quail." 



10. Arrow Partridge : with two long arrowy plumes on the head. One species, of Cali- 



fornia : Orortyx picta, commonly called "mountain quail." 



11. Shell Partridge: bluish- white markings, as if scaly. One species. Southwest. Calli- 



pepla sqiiamata. 



12. Massena Partridge (not to be confused with the 

 imported Messina Qaail) : Math a soft crest and 

 numberless white "eyes" on the belly. South- 

 west. One species ; Cyrtonyx massena. 

 In all, 26 varieties, of 16 species, of 12 genera, of 2 



subfamilies, of 1 family. 



52. Subfamily TETRAOMN/E: Grouse. 



Head completely feathered, excepting, usually, a 

 naked strip of skin over the eye. Nasal fossae densely 

 feathered. Tarsi more or less perfectly feathered, the 

 feathering sometimes extending on the toes to the 

 claws ; the toes, when naked, with horny fringe-like 

 processes. Tail variable in shape, but never folded, 

 37 



Fig. 396, — ' Red Game ' of Britain, Lagopus 

 scoticus. (From Dixon.) 



