PHALABOPODIB^ : FHALAROPES. 613 



in the napo. A narrow, distinct, pure white line over the eye. Sides of neck intense piirpliMh- 

 cliestnut, or darl-: wine-red; anteriorly deepening upon the aurioulars into velvety-black ; pos- 

 tei'iorly continueil, somewhat duller in tint, as a stripe along each side of the hack to the tips 

 of the scapulars. Other upper parts pearly-ash, hlanchiug on the rump and upper tail-coverts. 

 AViugs pale grayish-brown ; coverts slightly white-tipped ; primaries dusky-brcnvn, their shafts 

 brownish-white, except at tip. Tail marbled with pearly-gray and white. All the under ])arts 

 pure white, but the fore part and sides of the breast washed with pale chestnut-brown, as if with 

 a weak solution of the rich color on the neck, and a faint tinge of the same along the sides of the 

 body to the iianks. Bill and feet black. Iris brown. Length 8.50-O.OIi ; e.\tent 15. .50-16.00 ; 

 Ai-ing 5.00-5.25 ; tail 2.35 ; 1)1111.3.3; tarsus 1.25 ; middle toe and claw 1.12. Adult $ : Less 

 richly colored, and smaller ; length 8.00-S.50; extent 15.00 ; wing 4.75-5.00. Adult ^ ? , in 

 winter : No rusty red or pure black. Above, pure ashy-gray, each feather usually skirted with 

 whitish ; frequently some blackish, pale-edged feathers. Wing-quills fuscous, usually with 

 light edgings ; tail as in summer ; upper tail-coverts, line over eye, parts about bill, and whole 

 under jiarts, ^vhite, the jugulum and sides usually shaded with ashy. Y(iung, before first mcjult : 

 Bill blackish, about 1.10 long; legs dull yellow (tarsus 1.20; middle toe and claw 1.05). 

 Upper parts, including crown and upper surface of wings, brownish-black, each feather edged 

 with rusty-brown, very conspicuous on the long inner secondaries, and giving a general asjiect 

 like that of a sandpiper of the genus Actodromas. Upper tail-coverts pui-e white. Tail clear 

 ash, edged and much marbled with white, the ash darker at its line of demarcation from the 

 white. Line over eye, and whole under parts white, the breast witli a faint rusty tinge, and 

 the sides slightly marbled with gray. QuOls dusky, the secondaries white-edged, and the shafts 

 of tlie primaries whitish. This stage is of extremely brief duration, beginning to give way. 

 almost as soon the bird is full groMm, to the clear uniform ashy of the upper parts of the fall 

 and winter condition. The change, in some specimens shot early in August, is already very 

 evident, clear ashy feathers being mixed, on the crown and all the upper parts, with such as 

 just described. Size of the smallest specimen only 8.25 in length by 14.50 in extent ; thi; wing 

 4.60. Chicks are covered with buff-colored down, spotted with black above. In full plumage 

 this is the handsomest and largest of the phalaropes, and one of the most elegant of the waders. 

 U. S. and British Provinces, N. to the Saskatchewan ; rare in U. S. E. (jf Illinois and Lake 

 Michigan ; abundant in the IN'Iississippi Valley at large and west-ivard. Jligratory, leaving U. S. 

 in winter ; breeds in suitable places throughout its i-ange. Nest in low grassy meadows and 

 marshes. Eggs 3-4, 1.20 to 1.35 long by 1.90 broad, thus elongate pyriform, clay-color to 

 brownish-drab, heavily marked with large splashes and sizeable spots, with numberless specks 

 and scratches, of dark bistre or chocolate-brown ; some eggs much less painted than others, in 

 finer pattern ; incubated by the (J . 



LO'BIPES. (Lat. lobus, a flap, ^j&s, foot.) Lobe-foot Phalaropes. Bill generally as in 

 Steganopus, but shorter, basally stouter, and tapering to a very acute, compressed tip ; ridge of 

 culmen and gonys less depressed ; interramal space longer and 

 broader. Wings long. Tail short, greatly rounded. Legs 

 and feet short ; tibia? denuded for but a brief space ; tarsus 

 not longer than middle toe. Toes very broadly margined with 

 a membrane which is scalloped or indented at each joint, and 

 united basally to second joint between outer and middle toe, 

 to first joint between the inner and middle toe ; feet thus ^«>- 429. — Foot of Red-necked 

 semipalmate. Claws smaU and short. Phalarope, nat. size. (Ail nat. del. E. C.) 



L,. hyperbo'reus. (Lat. liyperhoreus, beyond the north wind. Eig. 429.) Northern 

 Phalaeope. Red-necked Phalarope. Adult <J 9 , in summer: Above, sooty-gray, with 

 lateral stripes of ochraceous or tawny ; neck rich rust-red, nearly or quite all arouml ; under 

 parts otherwise white, the sides marked with the color of back. U[iper tail-coverts like back 



