SC0L0PACID2E : SANDPIPERS. 629 



plumbeons-gray; fore-neck uniform mouse-gray, or brownish-plumbeous. Wing 5.06 ; culmen 1.20; 

 tarsus 0.99; middle toe witliout claw 0.90 marUima 620 



Breeding dress : Crown etreaised witb deep rusty ; scapulars and interscapulars broadly bordered with 

 bright ferruginous : tore-neck irregularly clouded with dull pale buft' or soiled white and sooty- 

 plumbeous, the breast more coarsely cloudeil, with more or less of a black patch on each side. 

 Winter dress : Like that of marlUma, but the plumbeous borilers of dorsal feathers broader and 

 lighter, or more bluish. Jugulum streaked or otherwise varied with white. Wing 4.86 ; culmen 1.13 ; 

 tarsus 0.95; middle toe without claw 0.86 couesi 62> 



Breeding dress: Crown broadly streaked with ochraceous-buff ; scapulars and interscapulars broadly 

 bordered with bright ochraceous-rufous ; fore-neck pure white, sparsely streaked witli brownisli-gray ; 

 breast white, streaked anteriorly and clouded posteriorly with dusky, latter forming more or less of a 

 patch on each side. Winter dress: Simil.ar to the corresponding stages of each of the foregoing, but 

 very much paler, the whole dorsal aspect being light cinereous, the scapulars and interscapulars with 

 small, nearly concealed, central spots, the wing-corerts very broadly edged with pure white ; fore-neck 

 witb white largely predominatiug. Wing 6.16; culmen 1.33; tarsus 0.98; middle toe without claw 

 Q yQ . . ptilocnemis 622 



630. A. mari'tima. (Lat. maritima, maritimo.) Purple Sandpiper. Bill little longer than 

 bead, much longer than tarsns, straight or nearly so; tibial feathers long, reaching to the 

 joint, though the legs are really bare a Uttle way above ; tarsns shorter than middle toe and 

 claw. Length about 9.00: extent about 16.00 ; wing .5.00; tail 2.60, much rounded ; bill 1.20; 

 tarsus 0.90-1.00 ; middle toe 1.00 or a httle more. The breeding dress, little known : Upper 

 parts black, conspicuously varied on the head, neck, back, and scapulars, with chestnut or 

 cinnamon, and pale buff or whitish, the darker reddish colors edging or indenting the sides 

 of the feathers, the paler colors chiefly tipping their ends; the rusty-red also suffusing the 

 sides of the head, separated from the black and reddish crown by a pale or whitish superciliary 

 stripe. A lighter tawny shade invades the jugulum and breast ; otherwise, under parts 

 white, streaked on the hreast with blackish, elsewhere nebulated mth dusky-gray, but no 

 definite blackish area formed. Rump and upper tail-coverts brownish-black, unmarked. 

 Wings plain fuscous, the lesser coverts narrowly, the greater broadly, tipped with white, 

 the secondaries mostly white in increasing amounts from without inwards, and the shaft of 

 the first primary white. Tail-feathers plain dusky. Adult in winter : Entire upper parts a 

 lustrous very dark bluish- or blackish-ash, with purple and violet reflections, and each feather 

 with a lighter border. Greater and lesser wing-coverts, tertials and scapulars edged and tipped 

 with white. Secondaries mostly white. Primaries deep dusky, the shafts dull white except at 

 tip, where they are black. Upper tail-coverts and central tail-feathers brownish-black with 

 purplish reflections, the outer pairs of the former white-barred with dusky. Lateral tail-feathers 

 light ashy. Jugulum and breast bluish-ash, each feather of the latter edged with white, and 

 the ash extending along the sides beneath the wdngs. Rest of under parts white, immaculate. 

 Legs, feet, and bill at base Ught flesh-color ; rest of bill greenish-black. Most immature birds 

 of the first fall and winter resemble this, but are duller, without the gloss. Young : Upper 

 parts much the color of the adult, hut with each feather broadly edged and tipped with light 

 buff or redthsh-yellow. Light edging of wing-coverts ashy instead tif pure white. Under 

 parts everywhere thickly mottled with ashy and dusky, deepest on the breast and jugulum. 

 Chicks in down are very pretty : grayish-hrown, mottled with black, the back, wings, and 

 rump spangled with white points ; head grayish-white, tinged with fulvous, variously marked 

 with black ; lores with two parallel black stripes ; below, grayish- white. A species f)f circuin- 

 polar distribution, breeding and often wintering in Arctic regions ; in America S. to the Middle 

 States; chiefly maritime, but also occurring on the Great Lakes. Egg of usual pyriform shape, 

 about 1.40 X 1-00, clay color with olive shade, with large bold markings of rich umber-browu 

 of varying shade, vrith neutral tint shell-markings ; markings over all the surface, but largest 

 and most massed at the greater end. 



621. A. coues'i. (To E. Coues.) Aleutian Sandpipee. Very near the last. The following 

 is the original description, in substance. Breeding dress: Above fuliginous-slate; feathers of 



