PHALACROCOBAGIB^ : GOBMOBANTS. 727 



Ijronzy-gray, Wack-edgcd ; quills and tail grayisli-Llack ; feet black. In summer, when 

 breeding, a white flank-patch, numerous long thready white plumes scattered ou head and 

 neck, and a small black occipital and nuchal crest. Length 36.00 ; extent 60.00 ; wing 

 12.00-14.00 ; tail 6.00-7.00 ; tarsus over 2.00 ; bill 3.40 along ridge, 4.00 along the gape. In 

 winter no crests or white feathers on neck or tianks. Young : Bill grayish-brown, black on 

 top and at tip ; bare skin and sac yellow. Top of head and hind neck brownish-black ; back 

 and wing-coverts brownish-gray, the feathers with dark margins, some of them also edged 

 finally with whitisli. Throat "brownish-white, and under parts generally whitish, blackish 

 along the sides, duslcy undei- the wings and across lower belly. The naked young in the nest 

 arc unpleasant livid purplisli objects, with protuberant bellies, and large feet ; the first down is 

 blackish. Eggs 3, sometimes 4, bluish-green coated with white chalky substance, 2.60 X 1-75 ; 

 nests of sticks^ moss, and seaweeds, very filthy and ofi'ensive. Atlantic Coast of Europe and 

 North America ; breeds in great numbers on the rocky shores of Labrador and Newfoundland ; 

 S. to the Middle States in winter. 

 751. P. dilo'phus. (Gr. g/r, dis, twice; Ari^of, lophos, crest. Fig. 506.) Double-crested 

 Cormorant. Tail of 12 feathers. Gular sac convex behind. No colored gorget. Glossy 



Fig, 50G, — J)ouble-creste<l Cormorant, nat. size. (Ad nat. del. E. C ) 

 greenish-black ; feathers of the back and wings coppery-gray, black-shafted, black-edged. 

 Adult with curly black lateral crests in the breeding season, but few if any other filamentous 

 white ones, over the eyes and along the sides of the neck ; white flank-patch not observed in 

 any specimens examined, probably not occurring ; iris green ; gular sac and lores orange. 

 Winter spec, with bill bright yellow, blackening along culmen, gular sac red anteriorly, ochrey- 

 yeUow posteriorly ; legs dull black. Length 30.00-33.00 inches; extent 50.00; wing 12.00- 

 13.00; tail 6.00-7.00; bill along gape 3.50; tarsus a little over 2.00. Young: Plain dark 

 brown, paler or grayish (even wliite on the breast) below, without head-plumes. N. Am., at 

 large, the commonest species, the only one difi'nsed over the interior ; eggs 3-4, 2.50 X 1.55. 



752. P. d. cincinna'tus. (Lat. cmcinnatus, having curly hair.) AVhite-tcfted Cormorant. 

 General character of the preceding, of which it appears to be a large northem variety. White 

 lateral crests, of a superciliary bundle of long cnrly filamentous feathers. Larger : size of 

 P. carho. Alaska. 



753. P. d. florida'nus. FLORIDA CORMORANT. Similar to, smaller than P. dilophus. Length 

 30.00 or less; extent 45.00; wing 12.00 or less; tail 6.00 or less ; tarsus a little under 2.00; 

 but bill as large if not larger ; gape nearly 4.00. The plumage is exactly the same. There 

 are said to be certain difierences in the life-colors of the bills (blue instead of yellow on under 

 mandible and edges of upper — Audubon), but none show in my specimens. This is simply 

 a localized southern race of dilophus, smaller in general dimensions, with relatively larger bill. 



