742 STSTEMA TIC SYNOPSIS. — L ONGIPENNES — GA VI JE. 



lighter than the hody of the feather, with a well-defined white ?pot on both webs near the end, 

 separated from the white tip by a transverse baud of the color of the body of the feather ; second, 

 third, and fourth, basal portions notably lighter than the terminal, fading into pure white at 

 their juncture with the latter, without spots except at the apex; fiftli, sixth, basal portions the 

 color of the back, fading into white near the end, separated from the white api(^es by a Tiand, 

 narrowest on the sixth, of the color of the outer primaries. Inner primaries like the second- 

 aries, with plain broadly white ends. Feet light flesh-color. Adult in -winter ; Head, ui.-ck, 

 and breast thickly nebulated with light grayish-dusky, the throat mostly immaculate. Apjiroacli- 

 ing maturity ; Bill dark-colored, yellowish along the culmen and gonys. Wings and tail liglit 

 grayish-ashy, the former without sharply-defined white tips or spots. Under parts generally 

 marked with dusky, the Aviug-coverts marked with dusky and white. Featliers of the back 

 narrowly edged with gray. Intermediate : BiU flesh-colored, the terminal portion black. "Wings 

 and tail darker than in the preceding especially on the outer webs of the former. ETeryiA'liere 

 dusky-gray, more or less mottled with white, the gull-blue of the upper parts appearing in 

 patches of greater or less extent. Young-of-the-year : Bill black. Everywhere grayish-dusky, 

 somewhat mottled with whitish ; the feathers of the back, wings, and upper tail-coverts edged, 

 tipped, and crossed with more or less regular transverse bars of grayish-white. Downy young : 

 Bill and feet black ; head and neck dull whitish, spotted with blackish ; upper parts spotted 

 with grayish-black and grayish-white ; under parts more uniformly gray, the abdomen white. 

 Pacitic coast of N. Am., of U. S. in winter, breeding northerly; common. Also on the 

 Asiatic coast. 

 770a. L. kumlieui. (To L. Kumlieu.) Gray- WINGED Gull. Adult $ : Like glaucesccns ; 

 rather smalh^r, with lighter mantle and difi'crent color and pattern of the primaries. JMantle 

 about as in leucojiterus ; primaries and secondaries mostly white on their exposed surfaces, 

 with markings of dull slate-gray. First jirimary wliite on both webs at end for ab'iut two 

 inches, tlie inner well white to the base excepting a slate-gray strip next the shaft, the outer 

 web (except at end) slate-gray fading into wliite toward the base. Second primary Avith the 

 gray confined to a space of about four inches on the outer web, and both webs tinged with the 

 color of the mantle which, on the inner web, fades into white about three inches fi-om the tip, 

 but on the outer web is deepest where it joins the darker gray area. Third primary with sub- 

 apical gi'ay bar on both webs, half an inch wide on inner web, but running along the outer web 

 for twi> inches; the tip of this feather white, the rest tinged with the color of the mantle. 

 Fomth primary with a slate-gray subterminal bar, but narrower and paler ; fifth with a pair 

 of subterminal gray spots ; remaining primaries and all the secondaries plain and coneolor witli 

 mantle to within about two inclies of their tips, where the pearl-lilue changes rather abruptly 

 into white. Iris cream-color; bill yellow with red spot, as usual ; orbital ring reddish; feet 

 flesh-color. Length 21^00; extent .50.00; wing 16.00-17.00 ; tail 6.50; chord of culmen 1.75; 

 gape 2.60; tarsus, or middle toe and claw, about 2.30. Young said to be even darker than 

 that of argentatus (?) Cumberland Sound and Greenland, S. iu winter to New England, tlie 

 citations of " glrMicescens " from Maine belonging here. (Description compiled from Brewster, 

 Bull. Nutt. Club, viii, 1883, p. 216. The bird is probably L. chalcopterus of Bruch, Lawrence, 

 and Coues.) 

 771. L,. mari'nus. (Lat. marinus, marine). Great Black-backed Gull. Saddle-back. 

 Coffin-carrier. Cobb. Adult, breeding plumage : Size very large ; general form strcnig, 

 compact, and powerful. Bill very stout, deep at the angle, rather short for its height ; culmen 

 toward the end exceedingly convex, so much so as to make a tangent to it at the point XA'here 

 the tip of the lower mandible touches it perpendicular to the commissure. Symphyseal emi- 

 nence very prominent ; tarsus but little if any longer than the middle toe and claw, compressed, 

 rather slender for the size of the bird. Bill bright chrome, the tip of both mandibles diapha- 

 nous. A large bright vermilion spot occupies nearly the terminal half of the lower mandible 



