802 



SYSTEMATIC SYNOPSIS. — FYGOPODES. 



tarsus 1.10; middle toe and claw 2.00; outer do. 1.90; inner do. 1.35 ; chord of culmen 2.00;. 

 curve 2.2j ; gape, fruui basal coUar to tip, 1.20 ; chord of gonys 1.75 ; depth of bUl at base 

 1.80; greatest widtli 0.60; nostril 0.10; horn over eye 0.35. In winter: The moult of the 

 bill not known ; supposed with good reason to shed 3 symmetrical pieces and two pairs of 

 pieces, in all 7, namely, the collar at base of upper mandible ; tbe saddle of nasal fossa ; 

 the slioe of under mandible ; the pair of sub-nasal strips ; the pair of mandibular strips ; if so, 

 all the same as in F. arctica, excepting the pre-nasal striiis. The processes of the eyelids 

 fall; the colored riug round eye pales; the rosette of mouth shrivels and pales; feet yellow; 

 the denuded membranous part of bill doubtless blackish. In any state, the species is easily 

 recognized by extension of the black collar to the bill. N. Pacific, both coasts, and adjoining 

 polar seas; not known in N. Atlantic ; S. to Sitka at least. Economy in all respects that 

 of the better known species. The single egg seen is dead white, rough, 2.75 X 1.75. 

 854. F. arc'tica. (Lat. arctica, arctic. Fig. 533.) Common Puffin. Sea Parrot. Adult in 



summer : Appendage of upper eye- 

 lid upright, obtusely triangular ; 

 of lower eyelid linear, obtuse, hori- 

 zontal. Bill moderately large, with 

 moderate convexity of culmen, its- 

 height less than chord of culmen, 

 little more than from posterior bor- 

 der of nostril to tip ; base of cul- 

 men and point of gonys not pro- 

 duced far backward, leaving but 

 moderately convex outline of feath- 

 ers along side of biU; sides of bill 

 distinctly divided into an anterior, 

 hard, horny, deeply grooved por- 

 tion, differently colored from the 

 smooth basal portion ; rictus long, 

 that portion in advance of the basal 

 rim of upper mandible much longer 

 than upper mandible is deep ; out- 

 line of under mandible regularly 

 curved from base to tip; chord of 

 gonys much shorter than that of 

 culmen. Crown of head grayish- 

 black, sharply defined against color 

 of sides of head, separated by a 

 slight ashy cervical collar from the 

 dark color of the upper parts. Sides 

 of head, with chin and throat, ashy- 



(Drawn 



Fig. 534. —Left, Horned Puffin; right, Tufted Puffin, 

 by H. W. Elliott. From Harper Brolliers.) 



white, nearly white between eyes and bill, with a dark ashy patch on side of throat. Upper 

 parts glossy blue-black, continuous with a broad collar around the neck in front, not extending 

 to the bill. A narrow line of white along border of fore-arm. Under parts fi-om the neck 

 pure white, the long feathers of the sides and flanks blackish. Under surface of wings pe.arly- 

 gray; inner webs of primaries aud secondaries grayish-brown, the shafts brown, with black 

 ends and whitish bases. Iris brown. Eyelids vei-milion-red, the excrescences grayish-blae. 

 Basal collar of bill and first ridge duU yellowish ; nasal saddle and coiTesponding shoe of lower 

 mandible grayish-blue ; rest of bill vermilion-red, the tip of the lower mandible and two ter- 

 minal grooves often yellowish; rosette of mouth <iraugo-yeUow; feet coral or vermilion-red; 



