30 TELEOSTOMI. 



V. Anal rays more than 20 Pomatomid^, 57. 



VV. Anal rays less than 20 Pkkcid^, 63. 



VUU. Anal spines three. 



W. Pseudobranchiffi small, fleshy, covered by skin. 



CZNTKARCHID^, 62. 



W W. PseudobranchiiE large, exposed. 

 X. Maxillary slipping under preorbital for its whole length. 



Spakid^, 66. 

 XX. Maxillary not slipping under preorbital for its whole length. 



Seeraxid^, 64. 



PPP"?/. Anal spines, 4 to 10 Cestkaechid^, 62. 



TT. Vomer without teeth. 



Y. Teeth setiform (tooth-brush like) ; soft parts of vertical fins 

 densely scaly; body elevated ; dorsal deeply notched. 



Ephippid^ 71. 

 YY. Teeth not setiform. 

 Z, Lateral line obsolete ; dorsal spines about 4. 



Elassomatid^, 61. 

 ZZ. Lateral line present. 

 a. Anal spines 1 or 2 j a large slit behind fourth gill. 

 4. Lateral line extending on caudal fin ; snout scaly. . . Sclesid^, 68. 

 bh. Lateral line not extending on caudal fin ; snout scaleless. 



Percid.!:, 63. 

 aa. Anal spines 3. 



c. Slit behind fourth gill none; lower pharyngeals completely united; 



jaws with canines in front Labkid^ 70. 



cc. Slit behind foui-th gill large. 

 d. Anal with more than 15 soft raj's ; preopercle serrate. 



STEOMATEID.aE;, 58. 

 dd. Anal with less than 15 soft rays, 

 e. Maxillary slipping beneath the broad preorbital for its whole 



length; dorsal spines more than 10 Spakice, 66. 



te. Maxillary not slipping beneath the narrow preorbital. 

 y Dorsal spines 12; premaxiUaries moderately protractile; pseu- 



dobranchise large LobotiDjE, 65. 



yy Dorsal spines 9 or 10; premaxiUaries extremely protractile; 



pseudobranchise concealed Gerrice, 69. 



FF. Ventral fins with or without spine; the number of raj-s not I, 5. 



X. Upper jaw prolonged iu a sword Istiophorid.e, 53. 



XX. Upper jaw not sword-like. 



f. Dorsal fin low, of spines only Blesnud^ 83. 



ff. Dorsal fin of spines anteriorly, of soft rays posteriorly. 

 g. Ventral rays 7 ; vent anterior ; dorsal spines 3 or 4. 



APHREDODERID.fi, 60. 



gg. Ventral ray s 1, 1 ; dorsal spines free ; ventnormal; bodymailed. 



Gasterosteid.e, 45. 

 ggg. Ventral rays I, 4 ; body scaly ; pectoral fin divided to base in 



two unequal parts Cephalacanthid^ 70. 



fff. Dorsal of soft rays anteriorly, with low spines posteriorly. 



Lycodid.e, 86. 

 ffff- Dorsal fin of soft rays only. 



