CYPKINID^. — XXVI. 61 



d. Teeth 5-5 or 4-5; dorsal inserted behind ventrals; scales very small; 

 anal short. 

 6. PseudobranchJEe none; lower jaw thin, with sharp, hard edge; upper 

 jaw protractile, with fleshy covering ; lateral Hne complete; body 



elongate, subterete Oxygejieum, 50. 



fie. Pseudobranchi^ present; lips thin, normal: upper jaw protractile; 



lateral line incomplete (JintosoiMUS, 51. 



dd. Teeth 4-4; pseudobranchiEe present; dorsal over ventrals; scales 

 rather large. 

 f. First (rudimentary) ray of D. slender, firmly attached to the first de- 

 veloped raj"; jaws sharp-edged, the lower with a slight projection in 

 front; scales before D. large (less than 15). Hybognathuss, 52. 

 ff, "^ First (rudimentary) ray of D. well developed, bluntish, separated 

 from the first developed ray, to which it is joined by membrane 

 (this character never conspicuous except in adult males; often ob- 

 scure in young); scales before D. small (more than 20.) 



PlMEPHALES, 53. 



jc. Alimentary canal short, less than twice length of body; teeth hooked, 

 the grinding surface, if present, narrow and rudimentary; peritoneum 

 usually pale ; species mostly carnivorous. 

 g. Dentary bones parallel, united for their whole length (the lower jaw 

 reduced to a tongue-like projection, which has a fleshy lobe on each 

 side. ( Exoglossince,) 

 h. Premaxillaries not protractile; upper lip thickened; scales moder- 

 ate ; teeth 1, 4-4, 1, without grinding surface. Exoglossum, 54. 

 gg. Dentaiy bones broadly arched, as usual among fishes, and united 

 only at the symphysis. {Leuciscinm.) 

 i. Abdomen behind V. not compressed to an edge, the scales passing 



over it; anal basis generally short (the rays 7 to 12). 

 J. Teeth in the main row, 4-4. 

 h. Maxillary without traces of barbel, 

 ic. [Premaxillaries protractile.] 

 /. Lower lip thin or obsolete (except in one or two species), not 

 developed as a fleshy lobe on each side. 

 m. Mandible, interopercle, and suborbital not evidently cavernous. 

 n. 1 First (rudimentary) ray of D. enlarged and bluntish, sepa- 

 rated from the first developed ray by membrnne (as in Fbne- 

 phales). this most evident in & ; scales before D. small, 

 about 28; teeth 4-4; [black blotch on front of dorsal and 

 one at base of caudal always present.] . . Cliola, 55. 

 nn. First (rudimentary) ray of D. small, closely joined to the 

 first developed ray ; teeth 2, 1 or 0, 4-4-, 2, 1 or ; scales 

 rather large ; scales before D. large or small (12 to 30). 



NoTROPis, 56. 

 mm. Mandible, interopercle, and suborbital with conspicuous 

 externally visible cavernous areas (like silver^'- cross- 

 bars); teeth 1, 4-4, 0; scales large; D. above V. 



EplICymba, 57. 

 It. Lower lip developed as a fleshy lobe on each side; teeth ■4—4, 

 without grinding surface; D. before V. ; isthmus y^ry broad. 



Phenacobius, 68- 



1 This character is more or less obscure in females and young examples- 



