78 TELEOSTEI: ISOSPONDYLI. — XIII. 



184. C. labradoricus Eiohardson. Sault White-fish. 

 MuSQUAW RivEK White-fish. " Whiting." Head com- 

 pressed, rather long; mouth rather small, the jaws equal; maxillary 

 to front of pupil ; eye 4^ in head ; supraorhital narrow ; D. high 

 in front, its last rays short. Bluish, sides httle silvery; fins dusky. 

 Head 4f ; depth 4f D. 11. A. 11. Scales 9-80-8. L. 20. 

 White Mts. to Labrador and L. Superior ; abundant N. 



aa. Lower jaw projecting ; premaxillaries narrow, not vertically placed; pre- 

 orbital elongate; gill raiders very long and slender, about X -|- 30; the 

 cleft of tlie mouth 25 to 3J in the head. 

 d. Body elongate, herring-shaped; scales smaU, uniform, the free edges 

 convex. {Argyrosomus Agassiz.) 

 e. Lower fins pale, or tipped with dusky. 

 f. Scales brilliantlj' silvery, without dark specks. 



185. C. hoyi (Gill). Lake Moon-eye. Cisco of Lake 

 Michigan. Head rather long, lower jaw barely included ; maxil- 

 lary 3 in head to middle of pupil; eye very large, 3-^ in head; lower 

 jaw little projeoting; gill rakers nearly as long as eye ; fins low; 

 free edge of D. very oblique. Color bluish, sides brilliantly silvery, 

 as in Hiodon and Albula. Head 4^ ; depth 4|-. D. 10. A. 10. 

 Scales 7-75-7. L. 12. Smallest and prettiest of our white-fishes, 

 from Skaneateles L., N, Y., to L. Mich., in deep water. (To Dr. 

 Philo R. Hoy, of Racine, Wis.) 



, ff. Scales more or less punctulate with darker. 



186. C. artedi Le Sueur. Lake Herring. Cisco. Michi- 

 gan Herring. Maxillary 3^ in head, reaching middle of pupil; 

 eye 4 to 5 in head. Bluish or greenish, sides silvery ; scales and 

 fins with dark specks. Head 4J ; depth 4-^. D. 10. A. 12. Scales 

 8-75 to 90-7. L. 15. Great Lakes to Labrador ; very abundant, 

 usually in shoal waters, also land-locked in lakes of X. lud. and 

 Wis. (var, sisco Jordan), where it lives in deep water, spawn- 

 ing near shore in December. (To Peter Artedi, the " father of 

 ichthyology.") 



ee. Lower fins blue-black. 



187. C. nigripinnis (Gill). Blue-pin. Body more robust than 

 in C. artedi ; mouth large ; eye 4 in head ; teeth present, minute. 

 Dark bluish, sides silvery, punctulate. Head 4|^; depth 3|. D. 10. 

 A. 12. Scales 9-88-7. L. 20. L. Mich., in deep water. (Lat., 

 niger, black; pinna, fin.) 



dd. Body short, deep, compressed; the curve of back similar to that 

 of belly; scales large, larger forwards, closely imbricated ; the 

 free margin little convex. {Allosomus Jordan.) 



188. C. tuUibee Richardson. Tullibee. " Mongrel White- 

 fish." Head much as in C. nigripinni ss : maxillary as lono' as 

 e3'e; jaws equal when closed; eye as long as snout, 4i. Bluish, 



