144 TELEOSTEI: ACANTHOPTEEI. — XX. 



gray, usually with faint oblique bars ; snout projecting. Head 3 J- ; 

 depth 4. D. X - 1, 25. A. I, 7. Lat. 1. 65. Md. to Brazil, abun- 

 dant S. (M. alburnus L.) 

 Si. Outer teeth of upper jaw little enlarged; lower lobe of C. mostly black. 



395. M. saxatilis (Bloch). King-pish. Baeb. Sea Mink. 

 D. high. Dusky gray, the back and sides with oblique dark cross- 

 bands ; one at the nape vertical, forming with the next a V-shaped 

 blotch ; a dark lateral streak, extending on C. Head 4 ; depth i\. 

 D. X-1, 26. A. I, 8. Scales 7-53-14. L. 18. Cape Cod to Fla., 

 common N. (Lat., living among rocks.) 



aa. Gill rakers present, small; lower pharyngeals broad, their teeth mostly 

 molar; outer teeth scarcely enlarged ; scales on breast small. {Um- 

 brula Jordan & Eigenmann.) 



396. M. littoralis (Holbrook). Silver Whiting. Surf 

 Whiting. Snout projecting, 3^ in head ; maxillary to eye, 3^ in 

 head. Silver-gray, almost plain ; tip of C. black. Head 3^ ; depth 

 4f. D. X-1, 24. A. I, 7. Scales 6-53-12. L. 18. Va. to Texas. 

 (Lat., belonging to the shore.) 



179. POGONIAS Lacepede. (irmyavlas, bearded.) 



397. P. cromis (L.). Drum. Robust; 2d A. spine large. 

 Grayish-silvery or brassy ; 4 or 5 dark vertical bars lost with age. 

 Head 3J-; depth 2^. D. X- 1, 20. A. II, 6. Lat. 1. 50. L. 4 feet. 

 Cape Cod to Brazil. (Old name from XP^C*") to neigh.) 



180. APLODINOTUS Eafinesque. (&n\6os, simple; varos, 

 back.) 



898. A. grunniens (Rafinesque). Fresh -water Drum. 

 Gaspergou. " Sheep's-head." White Perch. Croaker. 

 Thunder-Pumper. Snout blunt ; back compressed ; 2d A. spine 

 very strong ; C. rhombic. Grayish-silvery, more or less dotted. 

 Head 3^; depth 3. D. IX- 1, 30. A. II, 7. Lat. 1. 55. L. 2 feet 

 or more. Great Lakes to Texas and Ga., abundant ; a large, coarse 

 fish of the larger streams and lakes. (Lat., grunting.) 



Family LXIX. GBRRID^. (The Moharras.) 



Body compressed, with large, smoothish scales ; lateral line con- 

 tinuous ; mouth small, the premaxillary excessively protractile, the 

 spines of the premaxillaries extending backward in a deep groove 

 on top of head ; maxillary simple, not sheathed by the narrow pre- 

 orbital; mandible scaly, with a slit behind it, to permit motion; 

 teeth small, in jaws only ; preoperole entire or serrate ; pseudo- 

 branchiae concealed ; gills normal ; gill membranes separate ; lower 

 pharyngeal bones close together, usually loosely united ; D. single, 

 with 9 spines ; A. with 3 or 2 ; V. I, 5 ; air-bladder present. Verte- 



