PLBTHODONTID^. — CII. 179 



aaaa. Costal grooves 14. 



501. A. microstomum (Cope). Blackish, usually with plumbeous 

 shades and specks ; head small, short, broad ; body slender ; skin 

 very smooth and slippery -; snout very short, the lower jaw project- 

 ing beyond it. Costal grooves 14. Ohio to Kansas and S. (ixiKpos, 

 small ; a-Tdjia, mouth.) 



Family CII. PLETHODONTID^. 



Vertebrae amphicoelian ; carpus and tarsus cartilaginous ; para- 

 sphenoid with one or two laminse which are covered by a coarse 

 brush of teeth which look downwards on roof of mouth. The 

 species with cylindric tails rarely or never enter water. Genera 11 ; 

 species 35 ; chiefly North American. 



a. Tongue attached by a band running from its central or posterior pedicel to 

 the anterior margin ; premaxillaries two, with fontanelle. 



6. Toes 4-4 HEMinAOTTijinM. 256. 



bb. Toes 4-5 Plethodon, 257. 



aa. Tongue free all around, attached by its central pedicel only; toes 4-5, all 

 free. 



c. Premaxillaries two, with fontanelle GTKiNOPHiLtrs, 268. 



cc. Premaxillary single, with fontanelle Speleepes, 259. 



256, HEMIDACTYLIUM Tschudi. (^/it-,haK; baKTuXos, toe.) 



502. H. soutatum (Sclilegel). Brown above; snout yellow; 

 whitish below, with dots like ink spots ; body short ; tail slender ; 

 skin of back with depressions resembling scales. Costal grooves 

 13. L. 2\. R. I. to 111., and S. 



257. PLETHODON Tschudi. (nX^Boi, crowd ; odav, tooth.) 



a. Costal groove 16 to 18 ; palatine teeth not extending outward beyond inner 

 nares. 



503. P. cinereus (Green). Plumbeous above, often with a 

 broad brownish red dorsal band ; belly marbled ; body very slen- 

 der; tail cylindric; inner toes rudimentary. L. 3-^. E. U. S., 

 common under logs, etc. ; nocturnal in habit and very active. 

 (P. erythronotus Green.) 



aa. Costal grooves 14; palatine teeth extending outside of inner nares. 



504. P. glutinosus (Green), Black, usually with bluish-white 

 blotches and specks; stout; tail rounded; inner toes well de- 

 veloped. L. 5 to 7. E. U. S., chiefly terrestrial. 



258. GYRINOPHILUS Cope, (yvplvos, tadpole; cpiKos, lover.) 



505. Ct. porphyriticus (Green). Yellowish or purplish brown 

 above, irregularly blotched with gray ; head broad ; tail rounded at 



