268 AVES : pici. — XLiv. 



444. SPHYRAPICUS Baird. (cr^Opa, hammer; Picus.) 



848. S. varius (L.). Yellow-bellied Woodpecker. Black 

 and whitisli above ; black on breast ; rump mixed black and white ; 

 belly more or less yellowish ; sides streaked with dusky ; a white 

 wing patch ; quills with white spots ; crown red in adult ^ and 

 usually 9 also ; chin scarlet, throat black in ^ ; both white in 9 1 

 young dull brownish. L. 8J. W. 4f. T. 3J. N. Am., not rare, 

 the only woodpecker which ever injures trees. 



445. CEOPHLCBUS Cabanis. {Hylatomus ^ Baird.) 

 (/tEo), to split ; (jiXows, bark.) 



849. C. pileatus (L.). LoscocK. Black; white streak down 

 neck ; crest and cheek patch scarlet in ^ ; cheeks and front of 

 crest black in 9 . L. 18. W. 9|. T. 7. N. Am. ; in heavy tim- 

 ber, a shy bird, now rare ; subspee. abieticola Bangs, northward. 



446. MELANERPES Swainson. (^eXus, black ; epTnjs, creeper.) 



a. Back, scapulars and wing-coverts glossy Llue-black (grayish in young). 

 (Melanerpes.) 



850. M. erythrocephalus (L.). Red-headed Woodpecker. 

 Whole head and neck crimson in both sexes, bordered below by 

 black ; belly, rump, secondaries, etc., pure whif e ; rest of body glossy 

 blue-black. L. 9^. W. 5^. T. 3f. E. U. S., rare in X. E., very 

 abundant W. {ipvBpos, red ; ke^qXij, head.) 



aa. Back, scapulars and wings barred with white. (Centurus Swainson.) 



851. M. carolinus (L.). Red-bellied Woodpecker. Gray- 

 ish, much barred above with black and white ; belly pale ashy, more 

 or less reddish-tinged ; crown and nape crimson in ^ , ashy in 9 ■ 

 L. 9f. W. 5. T. 3^. E. U. S., rather S., common W. 



447. COLAPTES Swainson. (KoXanrijr, chisel.) 



852. C. auratus (L.). Yellow^-Hammeb. Flicker. Golden- 

 winged Woodpecker. High-Holer. Head ashy, with red 

 nuchal crescent ; back drab-color, barred with black ; rump white ; 

 below pinkish brown shading into yellowish ; a black crescent on 

 breast ; belly with numerous round black spots ; shafts and under 

 surfaces of quills golden yellow ; g with a black maxillary patch. 

 L. 12J. W. 6. T. 4^. E. N. Am., abundant; subspee. luteus 

 Bangs N. 



853. C. oafer (Gmelin). Red-shafted Flicker. Quills with 

 orange red instead of golden ; maxillary patches in ^ red instead 



I The earlier name Hylatom'ns is set aside by the A. O. U. on account of the still 

 earlier Hyhtoma, a genus of Insects. I have elsewhere maintained that " A name is 

 a name without necessary meaning," and therefore that generic names are different 

 unless spelled alike, even though derived fi'om the same Greek root. I prefer to use 

 Hylatomus, Eremophila, LagocMla^ Lucania, Icteria, Cestreus, Heterodont-ws, and similar 

 names, notwithstanding their similarity to Hylotoma, Eremophilus, LagocheUus 

 iMcanus, Icterus, Ccstrceus, and Hatcrodon, 



