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The Sturgeon Family (Acipenserid^) — Common Sturgeon {Acipenser sturio). 

 Sterlet {A. ruihenus), Giant Sturgeon or Hansen {A. huso), Guldenstadt's Stur- 

 geon {A. Guldenstddti) ; Caviare and Isinglass ------ 277 



Skates and Rays (Batoidei) — Skate {Raia baits), Thornback {R. davata) - - 278 



Round Mouths (Cyclostomata) — Sea Lamprey {Petromyzoit marmus), River 



Lamprey or Lampern {P . fluviatilis) 278 



FISHERIES 



"Wet" Fish and " Shell "-Fish. Statistics of British Fisheries. Scientific investi- 

 gations, and their great importance. Chief lines of work: (i) Statistics, 

 (2) Habits and Life-Histories, (3) Food of Fishes — Plankton. Hensen's quanti- 

 tative determinations ----- - 279 



Fish-Culture (Pisciculture) — Antiquity of the Art. Italian Eel-culture. Carp- 

 culture in Germany, &c. Artificial Fecundation, Hatching, and Hatcheries. 

 Necessity for Endowment of Scientific Research ------ 284 



MOLLUSCS (Mollusca) AS FOOD 



The Oyster {Ostred) — " Flat", Portuguese, and American Oysters [Ostrea edulis, 

 O. angiilata, and O. Virginiand). Oyster-Culture — History and Methods of the 

 Industry as practised in France. English Oyster-Industry — Whitstable Fishery 2S8 



The Edible Mussel {Myiilus edulis) — Mussel-culture in Scotland, Germany, and 



France {boucJiot system) ----- 294 



The Cockle {Cardium edule) 296 



The Periwinkle {Littorina littorcd) 297 



CRUSTACEANS (Crustacea) AS FOOD 



The Lobster (Homarus vulgaris) and American Lobster (i/. Americanus). 



Lobster-hatching in Norway, Scotland, and North America - - - - 297 



Shrimps and Prawns — Common Shrimp {Craugon vulgaris), Prawns {Palcemon 



serratus, cSzc.) ----- 299 



The Freshwater Crayfish {Astacus fluvialilis) and Noble Crayfish {A. nobilis) 300 



CHAPTER LXIX.— ANIMAL FRIENDS— WILD ANIMALS CAPTURED 

 FOR VARIOUS ECONOMIC PURPOSES— BENEFICIALS 



Nature of the Economic Products, other than Food, obtained from Wild Animals - 301 



FUR-BEARING MAMMALS (Mammalia) 



Use of Skins and Furs as Garments. Clothing of the Ostiaks . - - - 301 



Fur-Yielding Flesh-Eaters (Carnivora) — Weasel and Marten Family {Mus- 

 ielidce): Russian Sable {Mustela zibellina); American Sable {M. Americana); 

 Stoat {Puiorius erminea), the Source of "Ermine"; American Mink (P. vison); 



Russian Mink (P. /z/^/(?c/a); Sedi-Oiiar {Latax lufris) 303 



Seal-Liojis or Eared Seals {Otaridce): Northern Fur- Seal {Otaria ursind). 

 Sealing Industry of the Behring Sea and Pribyloff Islands - - - - 304 



Fur-Yielding Gnawers (Rcdenti.a) — American Beaver (Castor Canadensis), 

 European Beaver {C. fiber), Musquash {Fiber zibethicus), Chinchilla {Chinchilla 

 lanigerd), Common Squirrel {Sciurus vulgaris). Rabbit {Lepus cuniculus) - 307 



