viii CONTENTS 



Page 



Beneficial Reptiles (Reptilia;— Lizards: Snakes — Corn Snake (Coluber gut- 



tatus), Rat Snake {Zaineuis miicosics) -------- 328 



Beneficial Amphibians (Amphibia)— Frogs and Toads 328 



Beneficial Fishes (Pisces) — Scavenging Work : Carp in Reservoirs - - - 329 



Beneficial Insects (Insecta) — Enemies of Insect-pests: Destroyers of Carrion 



— Burying Beetles, Flies : Fertilization of Plants by Insects - - - - 329 



Beneficial Spider-like Animals (Arachnida)— Spiders - - - - 329 



Beneficial Myriapods (Myriapoda) — Centipedes 329 



Beneficial Crustaceans (Crustacea) — Scavenging Work: Crabs - - - 329 



Beneficial Annelids (Annelida) — Earth- Worms ------ 329 



Beneficial Parasitic Worms - . . 330 



CHAPTER LXX.— ANIMAL FOES— THE PERSONAL ENEMIES 



OF MAN 



Enemies among Mammals (Mammalia) — Lion (Felis leo), Tiger (F. tigris), 

 other Felines. Bears — Polar Bear {Ursus viaritiinus), Brown Bear {U. arctos) 

 and "Grizzly", Sloth-Bear (£/". /afo'((//(i'). Wolves. Large Herbivorous Forms — 

 Hippopotamus, Rhinoceros, Buffalo, Elephant. Wild Boar [Sus so-o/a), &c., 

 Peccaries {Dicotyles). Blood-sucking Bats - - - - - - - 331 



Personal Enemies among Reptiles (Reptilia)— Crocodiles and Alligators. 

 Poisonous Lizards {Ht'lode?ina). Non-Poisonous Snakes: Anaconda or Water- 

 Boa (Eimcics iiiurintis). Poisonous Snakes: Indian Cobra (Nai'a tripudiaiis), 

 Krait [Binigariis cariilcus), Australian Death-Adder {Acaii/hophis antarcticus), 

 Coral Snake {Elaps coratUnus), Sea-Snakes {HydrophitKx), African Puff-Adder 

 ( F/^^rrt <7/7V/(r;;j), Russell's Viper ( J-'. 7?;c.fj-c//z), Rattle-Snakes (0'()z'<?//cj-) - - 336 



Personal Enemies among Fishes (Pisces)— Sharks— Rondeletian Shark (Car- 

 c/iarodon Rondeletii). Fishes with Poison-spines. Fishes Poisonous as Food, 

 Globe-Fishes {Diodon and Te/rodon), Coffer-Fishes (Os/racioii) - - - 340 



Personal Enemies among Molluscs (Mollusca)— Giant Squids and Octopi. 



Cone-Shells ------------- 340 



Personal Enemies among Insects (Insecta) — Mosquitoes and Malarial 



Diseases -------------- 3,^0 



Personal Enemies among Spider-like Animals (Arachnida) — Scorpions, 



Spiders, Itch-]Mites ------------ 341 



Personal Enemies among Myriapods (Myriapoda)— Centipedes - - - 341 



Personal Enemies among Annelids (Annelida)— Leeches - - - - 342 



Personal Enemies among Flat-Worms (Platyhelmia) — Flukes {Trematoda): 

 Liver-Fluke (Fas^iola hepaticd), Bilharsia. Tape-Worms {Ces/oda): Com- 

 mon Tape- Worm {Tcenia solium), Beef Tape- Worm {T. sagiiiata), Broad Tape- 

 Worm (Bothriocephalus lalus), Echinococcus Tape-\\'orm {T. eclii?iococciis') - 342 



Personal Enemies among Round-Worms (Nemathelmia) — Round- Worm 

 (Ascaris hcmbricoidcs), Thread-Worm (Oxyiiris veriniciilaris), Palisade-Worm 

 [Doclimius duodenalis) of miners' anaemia, Guinea-Worm {Filaria iiiedinensis), 

 Tnchmz. {T}-iclnna spiralis) - - - - - - - - - - 343 



Personal Enemies among Hedgehog-Skinned Animals (Echinodermata) — 



Sea-Urchins with Poison-Spines 344 



