CONTENTS ix 



Page 



Personal Enemies among Zoophytes (Ccelenterata)— Jelly-Fishes, &c. - 344 

 Personal Enemies among Animalcules (Protozoa)— Malaria Parasites, &c. 344 



CHAPTER LXXL— ANIMAL FOES— FORMS INJURIOUS TO 

 HUMAN INDUSTRIES 



Enormous Number of Animal Pests. Necessity for Scientific Research - - - 345 



Injurious Mammals (Mammalia) — Carnivores that attack Domesticated Ani- 

 mals. Browsing and Gnawing Mammals destructive to Plants: Deer, Goats, 

 Rats, Mice, Voles, Hares, Rabbits. Destruction of Grain, &c., and Dissemina- 

 tion of Disease-Germs by Rats, Mice, &c.- ------- 34.5 



Injurious Birds (Aves) — Birds of Prey. Raven {Corvus corax), Kea Parrot 



{Nestor notabilis), Woodpeckers, Crows, Rooks, Sparrows - - - . 347 



Injurious Reptiles (Reptilia)— Crocodiles, Alligators, Poisonous Snakes - 348 



Injurious Fishes (Pisces)— Pike {Esox lucius), Skates and Rays - - - 348 



Injurious Molluscs (Mollusca) — Octopus. Common Whelk (Bucci?ium im- 

 datuvi). Dog- Whelk {Nassa reticosa), Purple-Shell {Pit?-pura lapillus), Land- 

 Snails, Land-Slugs. Ship- Worm {Teredo navalis), Edible Mussel {Mytilus 

 edulis) --.------.---- 3/1.8 



Injurious Insects (Insecta) — Forms injurious to Stock: Flies {Diptera), Ox- 

 Warble Flies {Hypodermis bovis and H. Hneatus), Tsetse Fly [Glossina 

 morsitans) ------------- 34.8 



Forms injurious to cultivated Plants, Food, Clothing, &c. — Bugs {Hemi- 

 pterd): Aphides or Green Flies {Aphidt^}, Corn Aphis {Aphis cercalis), Oat 

 Aphis {A. avena), Bean Aphis {A.faba;), Cabbage Aphis {A. brassicce), Turnip 

 Aphis {A. rupee), Hop Aphis {A. /luniu/i), Cherry Aphis {A. cerasi), Plum Aphis 

 {A. pruni). Vine Aphis {Phylloxera devastairix). Scale Insects or Mealy Bugs 

 {Coccidee), Apple Scale (Mytilaspis poiiiornDi), Woolly Currant Scale {Pidvin- 

 aria ribesiee), Gooseberry and Currant Scale {Lecaiiiuiii ribis) - - - - 350 



Fringe - Winged Insects {Tliysajiopterd). — Flies (Diptera): Crane -Flies 

 {Tiptila), Hessian Y\y [Cecidotnyia destructor), Wheat-Midge (C. tritiei), Frit- 

 Fly {Oscinis frit), Blow-Fl.y {Musea vomitoria), Cheese-Fly (Piophiliis casei) - 351 



Moths and Butterflies {Lepidoptera) — Whites {Pierida;), Cabbage Butterfly 

 {Pieris brassies). Small White {P. rapce). Green-veined White {P. napi): Owlet- 

 Moths [Noctuidee) and "Surface Caterpillars'', Turnip Moth {Agrotis segetiiiii), 

 Heart-and-Dart Moth {A. exclainationis). Great Yellow Underwing {Tripheena 

 pronuba): Silver-Y Moth {Phisia gamma). Cabbage Moth {Mamestra brassica;). 

 Pea Moth {Grapholitha nebritana). Grass Moth {Charceas graminis), Diamond- 

 Back Moth {Plutella crticiferariim): Codlin Moth {Carpocapsa pomonella). Goat 

 Moth {Cossus ligrziperda), Nun {Psilura monacha), Gipsy Moth {Oeneria dispar): 

 Corn Moth or Corn \Wo\i {Tinea granella): Wax Moth {Galleria mellonella) - 351 



Beetles {Coleoptera): Click-Beetles {Elateridce) and "Wire- Worms": Turnip 

 Flea-Beetles {Haltica neniorum and H. itndiilata) or Turnip-" Flies": Cockchafer 

 {Melolontha vulgaris): Colorado V,eel\e{Clirysomela decemlineata): Seed-Beetles 

 {Bruchidce), Pea-Beetle {Bruchus pisi), Bean-Beetle (B./abee): Weevils (Cur- 

 ciilionidce). Pea- Weevil {Sitones Hneatus), Apple-blossom Weevil {Aiithonomns 

 pomorum), Corn-Weevil {Calandria granaria): Bacon-Beetles {Der)nestidee), 

 Anthrenus fasciatus, Bacon -Beetle [Dermestes lardarius): Greater Death- 

 Watches, &c. {Ptinidce), Biscuit-" Weevil " {Anobium paniceutii). Greater 

 Death-Watches {A. striatum and A. tessellatum) ------ 354 



