GLOSSARY 



Abomasum, in the stomach of Rununants, the 

 fourth compartment (chemical stomach). 



Abysmal zone {Gk. abjyssos, very deep), the 

 deepest part of the sea. 



Accommodation, adjustment of the individual 

 to its surroundings. 



Acetabulum {L. for vineg-ar cup), the socket 

 in the hip into which the thig"h-bone fits. 



Acquired character, a character acquired by 

 an individual in relation to its surroundingfs. 



Adaptation, the adjustment of species to their 

 surroundings. 



Adductor muscles (L. adduco^ I lead to), 

 muscles which by their contraction close the 

 shells of Bivalve Molluscs, Lamp-Shells, and 

 Mussel-Shrimps. 



Adipose fin, the small, fatty second dorsal fin 

 of members of the Salmon Family. 



Esthetic or /Esthetics (Gk. aisthetikosy sen- 

 sitive), the philosophy of the beautiful. 



Afferent branchial vessels (L. afferd, I carry 

 to; Gk. hranchia^ %\\\-s)^ blood-vessels which 

 carry impure blood to g'ills to be purified. 



Afferent nerve-fibre (L. affSro^ I carry to), 

 a nerve-fibre in which the impulse travels 

 towards the central org"ans. 



Air-bladder. See Swim-hladder. 



Ala spuria. See Bastard-ii.nng. 



Albinism (L. albus, white or pale), exceptional 

 whiteness or paleness in hue of some mem- 

 bers of a species. 



Albino, an individual exhibiting- albinism. 



Albumen, or Albumin, the complex albumi- 

 noid (which see) of which the white of an 

 ^^^ is made up. 



Albuminoids, complex compounds, chiefly 

 made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, 

 sulphur, and (in some cases) phosphorus. 



Alima, pi. -se, in Mantis-Shrimps, an attenu- 

 ated kind of larva. 



Ambergris, concretions formed in the intestine 

 of the sperm-whale. Used in perfumery. 



AmbulacTal, relating; to an ambulacrum; Am- 

 bulacral area, a band or zone bearing tube- 

 feet ; Ambulacral ossicle, one of the cal- 

 careous plates roofing an ambulacrum. 

 Ambulacrum, pi. -a (L. for pleasure grove), 

 in Star-Fishes, one of the grooves in which 

 the tube-feet are lodged. 



Ammocaetes, the larva of a Lamprey. 



Amoeboid movement, irregular flowing or 

 creeping movements, performed by naked 

 masses of protoplasm, e.g. in the Proteus 

 Animalcule (Amoeba). 



Amphibious (Gk. aniphi, both ways; bibs, 

 life): (i) able to breathe both ordinary air 

 and air dissolved in water; (2) breathing 

 dissolved air during the early part of life 

 and ordinary air afterwards. 



Ampulla (L. «;«/)«//«, a flask): (i) in the internal 

 ear of Vertebrates, the swollen part of a 

 semicircular canal ; (2) in Echinoderms, a 

 small sac connected with a tube-foot. 



Anabolic, relating to anabolism. 



Anabolism (Gk. anah^le^ an ascent), the up- 

 building chemical processes that take place 

 within the body. 



Analogous, displaying analogy. 



Analogy (Gk. analogos, in agreement with), 

 applied to parts which do the same physio- 

 logical work irrespective of relative position 

 and mode of development. See also Ho?n- 

 ology. 



Anatomy (Gk. anatome^ dissection), the study 

 of structure. 



Anbury, in turnips, a disease due to the pres- 

 ence ot a fungus-animal {Plasmodiophora 

 brassicce). 



Antenna (L. for yard-arm): (i) one of the feelers 

 of an Insect, or Myriapod; (2) one of the 

 second feelers of a Crustacean ; (3) one of 

 the head-feelers of a Bristle- Worm. 



Antennary gland, in higher Crustaceans, one 

 of a pair of excretory organs by which nitro- 

 genous waste is removed from the body. 

 They open at the bases of the antennae. 



Antennule, in Crustaceans, one of the small 

 first pair of feelers. 



Anthrax, in cattle, &c., a bacterial disease, 

 often set up by insect bites. 



Anthropoid (Gk. atifhrdpos, man; eidos, ap- 

 pearance), man-like. 



Anti-toxin (Gk. anft, against; L. toxicnTny 

 poison), a complex organic substance (defen- 

 sive proteid) conferring immunity against 

 disease-germs. 



Antler, in Deer, a bony outgrowth from the 

 skull, which is shed annually. 



