INDEX 



5'5 



Aphis cerealis, iv 350. 



— faba:, iv 350. 



— humuli, iv 350. 



— pnini, iv 350. 



— rapa;, iv 350. 



— samljuci, iv iig (illust.). 

 Aphis, bean, i\- 350. 



— cabbage, i 353 'illust.); iv 350. 



— cherry, iv 350. 



— corn, iv 350. 



— hop, iv 350. 



— oat, iv 350. 



— plum, iv 350. 



— turnip-flower, iii 382 (illust.): iv 350. 



— vine, i 353; ii 217: iv 350 (illust.). 

 ApMs-Lions, i 378; ii 114- 

 Aphrodite aouleata, i 429; ii m7, 



339, 408. 

 Aphyonus gelatinosus, iv 443 



(illust.). 



Apical disc, i 458. 



Apiculture, iv 252-259. 



Apis mellifica, i 374; ii 205, 439; iv 



43, 108, III, 251-259. 

 Aplysia, i 324-325; ii 397; ■'■ 35. ="S, 



— camelus, iv 39S. [412. 



Apocyrtus, ii 3'S- 

 Aporia cratsegi, i 362. 

 Appendages. See also Legs, Mouth- 

 parts, Tentacles. &c. 



— annelids, i 426; iii 22-23. 



— arachnids, i 3S6. 38S, 389, 390-391, 

 393, 39.^; ii 126, 127, 131, 132, 217- 

 218. 



— cephalopods, i 311, 312, 313; iii 31, 

 32, 33- 



— crustaceans, i 302-303, 403-406. 410, 

 412. 413, 414, 41S, 420, 421, 422; u 

 137, 141, 142, I44, 254-255. 256; lu 

 25-27, 20, 277, 364. 366-367: i\- 13-14 



— echinoderms, 1455, 459-4 '>o : iii 23- 

 24, 114-115, 27S. 



— insects, i 345-346 : iii 2S-30, 167, 

 222-223, 273-276. 



— king-crab, i 423. 



— myriapods, i 394, 395, 396, 397. 



— peripatus, i 399. 



— pycnogons, i 424. 

 Appendicularia, i 298 'illust. ) : iii 39. 

 "Appendix", iv 481. 

 Aptenodytes Forsteri, i 186: iii 67. 



— Pennanti, i lS6. 



Aptera, i 351, 384-3S5: ii nS, 213- 



214: iii 176, 314, 377. 

 Apteria, i 142. [450 



Aptersrx, i 190; ii 68, 320: iii 130, 449, 

 Apus, i 421-422 fillust. ): ii 255-256, 



405: iii 26 (illust.J, 362 (illust.): iv 



T2-I3 (illust. ■. 



Aqueous humour, i 58. 

 Aquila chrysaetus, i 174. 

 Ara. iv 390, 39T. 



Arachnida. See Spider-like animals. 

 AraneidEe, i 387, 390-393. Sec also 



.Spiders. 



Arapauna gigas. iv 433 

 Area lactea. i 337: iv 399. 

 Archseopteryx, i 206-207 : iii 296, 



2qS: iv 471. 

 Archenteron, iii 341, 344 

 Archiannelida, i 429, 431-43= : "i 



09, 359- 



Archlgetes Sieboldi, iv 203 - 204 

 Arctia caja, i 363. [(ilhist.). 



Arctictis, ii 13. 

 Arctium majus, iv 98. 

 Arctocehus, ii 320. 



Arctocehus calabarensis, iii 243. 

 Arctomys, iv 135. 



— maimotta, i 126 : iv 387. 



— monax, i 126. 



Ardea cinerea, i 179 ; ii 55 : iv 375. 



— niiiuita. i 179. 

 AreniCOla Claparedii, iv 34. 



— Grubii, iv 34. 



— piscatorum, i 430: ii 257, 408-409; 

 iii 226 ; iv 34. 



Argali, iii 248. [41S. 



Argonaut, i 315-316 ; iii 32-33 (illust.', 

 Argonauta argo, i 315-316: iii 32- 



33, 4 1 8. 



Argulus, iv 196-197 (illust.). 

 Argyroneta aquatica, i 392-393 : 

 ii 131 : iii 375-376. 



Arion ater. i 32S ; ii 199-201, 247, 

 434 : iv 348. 



— empiricorum, iv 348. 



Aristophanes, iv 247, 248. 

 Aristotle, i 8, 60 ; ii 294 : iii 393 : 



iv 369 

 "Aristotle's lantern", i 458, 459. 

 Arius, iii 427. 



Ark-shells, i 336-337 ; iv 399. 

 Arm, i 30-31. 

 Armadillidium, ii 222. 



— vidgare, ii 143, 342. 

 Armadillo, hairy, ii 234. 



— si.\-banded, i 136 (illust.). 



— small, ii 367. 



— thrce-banded, ii 341-342. 

 Armadilloes, i 64 ; ii 333 : iii 482 ; 

 "Armour", ii 333-34". |iv474. 

 "Army Worm", iv 127. 

 Arnoglossus macrolophus, iv 159. 

 Arrian, iv 374. 

 Arrow-Worms, iii 21 (illust.) ; iv 42 



(illust.), 453. 

 Artemia Midhausenii, iv 493. 



— salina, iv 493. 



Arterial huih, i 272. 



— cone, ! 240, 243. 



Arteries, 1 39-41: iii 11-12 (illust.). 



See also Aortic arches. 

 Arthropoda, i 304, 342-424 (and see 

 Jointed-limbed anim;ils). 



Arthrostraca, i 410, 414-415; iii 



174-I75- 



Articular processes, i 26, 229. 



Articulates, i n. 



Artiodactyla, i 104, 107-122: iii 



147-154, 4S8-490. See also Mam- 

 mals, hoofed. 



Arts, i 1. 

 Arum-lUy, W So. 

 Arvicola. See INIicrotus. 

 ASCariS lumbricoide.s, i 447: iv 343. 



— megalocephala, i 447 : iv 362 



Ascidia mentula, i 297 (illust.). iii 

 38-39 (illust.), 421-422. 



Ascidians, ! 297-300 'illust.' ; ii 245- 

 246, 278, 306, 389-390: iii 8, 38-39 

 fillust.), 332, 421-422 (iUust.): iv 38 

 (illust.), 46 ^illust.), 105-106 (illust,), 



438, 45'- 



— barrel, iii 39 (illust.). 



Asellus aquaticus, i 41s ; ii 143. 



AsiO accipitrinus, i 165. [222, 405 



— otus, i 165. 



Aspidobranchia, i 317. 322-324. 

 Aspredo, iii 4=6. 

 Asps, African, ii So. 

 Asses, i 107 ; iv 238-239. 



— African, wild, i 107. 



— Nubian, iv 239. 



Assimilation, i 43 (and see Food). 

 Association of organisms, i i3; 



iv 63-207. 



— colonial animals, iv 99-106. 



— commensalism, iv 74-75, 170-183, 

 184. 



— courtship and mating of animals, 

 iv 143-169. 



— general principles, iv 63-64. 



— nuitualism, iv 67, 75-76, 170. 



— parasitism, iv 76-79, 170, 184-207. 



— plants and animals, iv 64-98. 



— social animals, iv 107-142. 

 AstaCUS fluviatilis, i 412: ii 137, 253, 



402-403 : iii 367-368 ; iv 200, 300. 



— nobilis, iv 300. 



Asteriadse, ii 153-154. 

 Asteroidea, i 454. See also Star- 



Fisbcs. 



Astia vittata iv 167 (illust.), 168. 

 "Astrachan", iv 229 

 Astragalus, iii 254. 256. 

 Astroides calycularis, iv 102 



(illust.) 



Atalanta, i 321 ; ii 99 (illust.). 

 Atavism, iv 235. 4S8. 

 Ateles Bartletti, iii 255. 



AtelodUS. See Rlhnoceros. 



Athalia spinarum, i 371 ; ii 204 ; 



iii 389 : iv 356. 

 Athertira Africana, i 132. 



Atkinson, Canon, ii 343. 



Atlantosaurus, iv 469. 

 Atlas (or first vertebra, i 26, 143, 

 194, 239. 251- 



Atolls, iv 441 (illust.). 



Atrial cavity, i 296, 298 ; ii 244, 

 Atriopore, i 296, 297. [245. 



Atropus divinatoria, i 379; 111223. 

 Attacus atlas, i 363. 

 Atta fervens, ii 208, 209. 

 Attidse, iii 168, 175-176; iv 166. 

 Attus volans, iii 289. 

 Atya, ii 253-254- 

 AtsTpus Sulzeri, i 392. 

 Auditory cells, i 56. See also 



Hearing, organs of. 



— nerves, i 51. 



— ossicles, i 57. 



— sacs, i 464. 



— vesicles, i 479, 480. 

 Audubon, iii 283. 

 Auk, great, i 184 : iii 66. 

 --- little, i 184. 



Auks, i 1S4 : ii 53 ; iii 66. 

 Aulastomum gulo, i 433 ; ii 1,9. 

 Aurelia, i 482 (illust. ; iii 352 (illust.), 



353- 



Auricles, 1 40, 147, 148. 200-201, 207 

 229. 240, 262, 265, 30S. 314, 320, 323 



325. 327, 329. 333- 



Auricularia, iii 357 (illust.). 

 Auroch, i 114. See Ilison, European 

 Austen, Godwin, i 2 [428 



Australian region, iv 413, 414, 426- 

 Autodax lugubrls, iii 435- 

 Autolytus prolifer, iii 358 (illust.) 



Avebury, Lord, i 397: iv 118, 119 



2.09, 227. 

 Avens, iv 98 (illust.). 

 Avlculidse, iv 398. 

 Avocet, iii 127-128. 

 Axis, ii 351-352 

 Axis vertebra, i 27, 194. 

 Axolotl, i 249 (illust.): iii 435-436. 

 Aye-aye, ii 320. 

 Azalea, iv 94. 



