542 



INDEX 



Phalangers {Ca/it.) 



— flying, iii 204-286. 

 squirrel, lii 284-285. 



Plialanges, sing. Phalanx (and 



see Digits]; 



— birds, i 146. 



— mammals, i 31, 32; iii 84. 



— reptiles, i 198. 



Phalanglstidae, ii 180-182. 

 Phalangium opUio, i 390. 

 Phalarope, grey, i 169 (illust.i, 170; 



— red-neeked, i 169. [iii 127-i^S. 

 PlialaropUS fulicanus, i 169; iii 127, 



— liyperbureus, i 169. [12S. 



Phallusia mamniillata, i 290 



(illust.,:. 



Phallus impudlcus, iv 98. 

 Pharyngeal bones, loner, i 276. 

 Pharynx, annchds, 1 427, 429, 430. 



— ascidiaiis, i 297, 29S ; ii 245, 246, 

 389-390 



— flat-worms, i 445, 446; ii 151, 152. 



— lancelet, ii 389, 390. 



— mammals, i 34-35- 



— molkises, i 308. 



— nemertines, ii 391. 



— whcelaiiiuialcLiles, i 435. 



Phascolarctos cinereus, ii 180, 



101 ; 111 259-260, 479. 



Phascolomyldsa, li 183; iii 480. 



PhaSCOlOmyS. See PhasculuniJ ida.;. 



Phasianella. iii 106. 



Phasianus Colchicus, i 172; ii 239. 



Phasmidse, ii 359: "' 378-379- 



Pheasant, Amherst s, IV 148. 



— Argus, iv 148. 



— comiiiuii, i 172. 



— gold. 1 172; iv 148. 



— silver, i 172. 



Pheasants, 1172; 11239: iii jO'J illust.). 

 Pheasant-Shells, iii 106. 

 Phelsunia Andamanense, iii 268. 

 Phenacodus. iv 472, 473 auist.). 

 Phengodes Hieronymi. iv 165. 

 Phidippus morsitans, iy 168. 

 Philaenus spumarius. ii 217. 

 Philemon Tlmorlaoensis, ii 310- 

 Philepitta, iv 42?, I311- 



Philhetserus socius, iii 463. 

 Philine aperta. i 3:4; ii 100 

 Philodina roseola, i 435 : ii 262 ; 



iii 100. [iv 477. 



Philosophical Zoology, i 16-17, 19. 

 Phoca Caspica, iv 313. 



— (Sreenlandica, i 99; Iv 312, 313, 



— .Sibirica, iv 313. 



— \'itulina, 1 99. [26-27. 



Phocaena communis, i 100-101; ii 



PhOCldfe. See Se.ils, true, 



Phcenicopterus roseus, ill 460, 461 ; 



iv =,77, 37S. 



Pholadidea, m 410. 

 Pholas dactylus, i 335. 33^; iii 221, 

 Phoraspls, ii 315. [409-410. 



Phormosoma luculenta, iii 94-95- 

 Phryganea grandis, i 375 (illust.). 



— ^lriat.i, ill 385 (illust.), 306., 

 PhryganeidEe. See Caddis-Flics. 



Plirynosoma cornutum, i 223; iv 

 Plirynus, i 3S9; iii 169. [392. 



Phyllirhoe, i 3=6: '"> 36- 

 Phyllomedusa Jheringl, iii 437. 

 Phyllopertha horticola, 1 368. 

 Phyllopoda, i 410, 421-422: ii 255- 

 256, 405: iii 362-363. 



— gill-footed, i 421-422. 

 Phyllopteryx eques, ii 296: iv 75. 



PhyllOSCOpUS rufus, i 160; iii 1S5. 



— sibilatn.x, i 160. 



— trochilus, i 160. [ii 39, 40. 



PhyUostoma spectrum, i S2-83 ; 

 Phyllostomata, i S2-83. 

 Phylloxera vastatrlx, i 353; i> =17; 

 Phylogeny, iii 335- liv 350- 



Physalia, li 161-162; iv 344. 

 Physeter macrocephalus, ii 29; 

 Physics, i 4, 17- l" 316, 317- 



Physignathus Lesueurl, iii 53. 

 Physiological selection, iv 489. 



Physiology, standpoint of, i 13. 



Physophora hydrostatioa, ii 161, 



162 (illust.,. 



Physostomi, i 273, 280-2S4. 

 Phytophthora inlestans, iv 76. 

 Phytoptus ribis, iv 360. 



— vitis, ii 21 8. 



Picarije, i 152, 161-165. 

 Picarian Birds, i 152, 161-165. 

 Pica rustlca, i 153. 

 Picidae, iii 264-265. 

 Plcucules, iii 463-464 

 Piculets, lii 264. 410 (illust.). 



Plddocks, i 335 (iUust.); iii 221, 409- 

 Pieridse, i 361-362; li 312; and see 



Picris. 

 Pieris brassica;, i 362; ii 214; iii 309- 



400: iv 161, 162, 194, 352. 



— napi, i 362; iv 352. 



— rap^e, i 362; iv 352. 



Pigeon, blue rock, i 139-152, 167: ii 

 186; iv 250-251, 487 i.illust.). 



— crowned, i 167 (illust.); ii 185. 



— nutmeg-, i 186. [ illust. \ 



— wood-, i 167 ; ii 185, 286 ; ill 458 



Pigeons, i 139-152 (illust.); ii 184, 185- 

 1S6; iii 286 (illust.), 304, 305 ^illust.), 

 47C^47i; iv 25c^25i, 487 (illust.). 



— "fruit"-, ii 185-186. 



— ground-, ii 185- 



— tree-, ii 1S5-1E6. 



"Pigeon's milk", i 151; iii 470-471- 



Pigs, i 67, 105, i,jS-109; li 231-234, 

 351: iii 487, 488-4S9; iv 98, 204, 200. 



Pika, Siberian, i 125 (illust.). 

 Pikas, i 125 ; and see Calling-Harex. 

 Pike, bony, ii 334. [(illust.), 3S1. 



— common, i 282; ii 84; iv 348, 3S0 



Pikes, i 282- 

 Pllchard, i 283; iv 265- 

 Pilidium, iii 419 (illust-). 

 "Pill Bugs", ii 342- 

 Pillow-Fish, ii 306- 

 Pimpla instigator, iv 194. 

 Pindar, iv 247. 

 Pine Marten, i 98; 11 22. 

 Pineal body, i 203. 



— eye, i 203: iv 47 (illust.), 48. 

 Pinguicula, iv 68. 



Pinna. See Ear-llap. 



Pinnipedia (see also Sea-Lions, Wal- 

 ruses, and Seals!, i 86, 98-99: ii 24- 

 25, 320; iii 77-86, 492. 



Pinnules, i 459; ii 265. 



PintaD, i 176. 



Piophila casei, iii 17S: iv 351. 



Pipa Americana, iii 50. 441, 442. 



Pipe-Fish, iii 427. 



^"reat, 1277; iii 427. 

 Pipit, meadow, i 157. 

 - Richard's, i 157. 



— rock, 1 157. 



— tree, i 157. 

 PipridEe, iv 431. 



PiSCiCOla, iv sco (illust.). 



Pisciculture, i 18: iv 284-288. 

 Pisidium, in 407. 

 Pissodes, iv 355. 

 Pitcher Plants, iv 70-72. 

 Pithecia Satanas, i 78, iii 240, 241. 

 Placoid scales, i 12-13, 259. '^61, 

 Placula, iii 338. 339. 1 288. 



Placvina placenta, iv 324. 

 Plaglolepis, ii 206. (269. 



Plaice, i 279; ii 291-292; iii 432; iv 

 Plan, of work, i 17-19. 

 Planaria gonocephala, iii 7 (illust.). 



— lactea, i 445 (illust. )- 

 Planarlan worms, i 441, 445-447, 



483; ii 151-152, 271, 308, 361, 445- 

 446; iii 7, 20-21, 329; iv 41, 440. 



— land forms, i 446; ii 152. 

 Planes minutus, ii 140. 

 Plankton, i 420; ii 29, 330; iv 2S3- 



2S4, 435, 440-455, 459. [414. 



Planorhis corneus, i 328: ii 434; iii 

 Plantain - Eater, African, iii 263 



(illust.). 



Plantigrade feet structure, am- 

 phibians, iii 121. 



— insects, iii 166. 



— mammals, i 94 (illust.); iii 135-136^ 

 155, 156, 158, 162. 



Plant-Lice. See Aphides. 



Plants, association of animals and, iv 



— carni\'orous, iv 68-74, [74-76. 



— classification of, iv 64. 



— defences of, iv 80-S3, 90-95. 



— dispersal of, by animals, iv 95-9S. 



— food of, i 33, 4S8: ii 3, 270-274: iv 



— parasitism, iv 76-77. [65-74. 



— pollination of, iv 83-90. 



— relation between nutrition of ani- 

 mals and. iv 68-74. 1353- 



Planula ipl- Planulae , iii 342, 350, 

 Plasma, i 38. 42, 147, 42S, 469. 

 Plasmodiophora brassicse. i^ 78; 



Plastron, of turtles and tortoises, i 

 214, 217, 21S. 220: ii 334. 



Platalea leucolodia. i 180. 



Platanista Gangetica, ii 28-29. 



" Plate Beaver ", iii 74. 



Platyhelmia, i 304, 441-447; and see 

 Flat-Worms. 



Platypus, duck-billed. See Duck- 

 Mole. 



Plecotus auritus, i 82. 



Plectognathl, i 273, 277-278. 



Plectrophenax nivalis, i 156. 



Plesiosauria, iv 468, 469. 



Pleurohranchus membranaceus, 

 ii 306. 



Pleuronectes flesus, iv 269. 



— limanda, iv 269. 



— niicrocephalus, iv 270. 



— platessa, i 279; iv 369. 



Pleuronectidae. See Flat-Fishcs. 

 Pliny, iv 245, 369, 389, 399. 

 Plotus. ii 49; ill 64. 

 Ploughshare hone, i 144; iii 202 



(illust. ), 2qS. [455: iv 61-62. 



Plover, golden, i 169 (illust); iii 454- 

 American, iii 305. 



— gre^^ i 169. 



— Kentish, i 169: ii 286: iii 453. 



— ringed, i 169; ii 286: iv 133 (illust.). 

 Plovers, i 152, 168-169: ii 67-68, 296; 



ill 465; iv 377, 423. 



Plumatella, i 437: ii 261: iii 331. 

 Plumbago, iv 93. 



