INDEX 



555 



Wings {Cont) 



— birds {Cont.) 



running, i i88, 189, 190; iii 130- 



132. [66. 



auks, divers and grebes, i 184; iii 



eagles and vultures, i 174, 175 ; 



"i 305, 306* 



gulls, iii 304, 305, 308. 



herons and storks, i 178, 179, 180; 



iii 307- [181; iii 307. 



pelicans and cormorants, i 180, 



penguins, i 186; iii 67. 



petrels and albatrosses, i 183. 



pigeons and sand-grouse, i 140- 



I43> 145, 167; iii 304, 305. 



plovers, i 168; iii 305. 



• rails, i 171. 



— — ■ structure and action of, i 140-143, 

 145; iii 295-296, 298-299, 300-301 



— insects: [(illust.), 302-308. 



fringe-winged, i 351, 355. 



membrane-winged, i 351, 369- 



370; iii 28-29, 311 (illust.), 312, 313 



(illust.); iv 114. 

 ~- net-winged, i 351, 374, 376-379; 



iii 311-313 (illust.); iv 121. 



straight-winged, 345, 351, 380. 



beetles, i 351, 366; iii 313; iv 192. 



bugs, i 351-353- 



■ flies, two-winged, i 351, 355; iii 



311; iv 190, 

 moths and butterflies, i 351, 358- 



359 (illust.}, 361-365; iii 311-313 



(illust.). 



evolution of, iii 314-315. 



modification of, iii 3 t 2-3 14 (illust. ). 



structure and action of, iii 309- 



312 (illust.). 



— reptiles, iii 287, 308-309. 

 Wing-Shells, i 321 (illust.); iii 107, 



180, 181 (illust.). 



"Wire-Worms", ii 211; iii 224; iv 



354- 

 Wissman, Major von, iv 240. 

 Wolf (and see Wolves): [372. 



— common, i 93 ; iv 369, 370 (illust.), 



— prairie, i 93. 



— Tasmanian, ii 322. 



Wolves, i 93; ii 15-17; iv 134, 334, 



369-372. 

 Wol£F, Caspar Friedrich, iii 336. 

 Wolf-Fisll, 1 275; ii86. 

 Wolverene. See Glutton. 

 Wombat, i 69 (illust.); ii 183 (illust.), 



322; iii 480. 



"Wonder-nets", ii 430. 



Wood, J. G., ii 371; iv 117. 

 Wood-borer, large, i 371 (illust.}; ii 



203; iii 386-387 (illust.). 

 Wood-borers, or Wood-Wasps, i 370- 



371; ii203; iii 386-387; iv 195, 355. 

 Woodcock, i 169; ii 68 (illust.). 



Woodlark, i 156. 



WOOd-Louse, i 415 (illust.) ; ii 222 ; 

 and see Wood-Lice. 



— pill, ii 143, 222, 342. 



— water, ii 143, 222, 405. 



Wood-Lice, i 415; ii 222, 342, 405, 



444; iii 368; and see Wood- Louse. 

 Woodpecker (and see Woodpeckers): 



— great spotted, i 162; ii 58. 

 ^ green, i 161; iii 263 (illust.). 



— lesser-spotted, i 162. 

 Woodpeckers, i 161-162 ; ii 58, 187, 



370; iii 264-265, 454; iv 347. 



— three-toed, iii 264-265. 

 Woodward, Smith, iv 471. 

 Wood-Wasps. See Wood-borers. 

 "Wool", of sheep, &c., iv 227, 228- 



229 (illust.), 230, 232. 

 "Woolly bears", i 360; and see 

 Caterpillars. 



"Worm-castings", i 430; ii 257, 



259; iii 226, 230. 

 "Worms." See Annelida, Earth- 

 Worms, Flat - Worms, Thread- 

 Worms, &c. 



Wrack, ii 198. 

 Wrasse, Baiian, i 276. 

 Wrasses, i 276; ii 86. 



Wren, common, i 160, 161. 



— fire-crested, i 160 (illust.). 



— golden-crested, i 160 (illust.). 



— willow, i 160. 



— wood, i 160. 



Wrens, i 160-161; iii 185. 



Wrist-bones, i 30-31; iii 299; and 

 see Radiate and Ulnare. 



Wunderlich, iii 492. 



WuycbUCllOl, iii 71-72 (illust.). 



X 



Xantboptera semicrocea, iv 72. 

 Xenopbon, iv 375. 

 Xenopborus, ii 287, 288 (illust.). 

 Xenopus Isevis, iii 50. 

 Xenos, iv 192. 

 Xipbias gladius, i 273. 

 Xipbocera asina, ii 282. 

 Xipbosura, i 343, 422-423 ; ii 144- 



145, 406-407 ; iii 369. [391. 



Xylocopa violacea, i 374 ; iii 390- 



Yak, i 114; iv 225. 

 "Yellow cells", iv 76, 77. 

 Yellow-bammer, i 156 (illust.). 

 Yew, iv 80. 



Yolk. See Food-yolk. 

 Yolk-sac, iii 425) 43i> 432- 



Young (see also Larvse). 



— amphibians. See Tadpoles, Larvas, 



— annelids, iii 358, 361. [&c. 



— arachnids, i 392; iii 373-376. 



— birds, i 151-152, 153, 158, 161, 163, 

 165, 166, 167, 168, 170, 172, 176, i8g; 

 ii 285-286 (illust.); iii 448, 449, 450, 

 452, 460 (illust.), 466-474 (illust.); iv 

 186, 187 (illust.). 



— care of, See Protection. 



— crustaceans, iii 363, 365, 367-368 ; 

 and see Larva;. 



— echinoderms, iii 355; and see Larvae. 



— fishes, iii 431-434. 



— insects. See Larva;, Nymphs, and 

 Caterpillars. 



— mammals, i 65, 68-69; " 430"43i : 

 iii 477 (illust.), 478-480 (illust.), 481 

 (illust.), 482-494; iv 312-313. 



— myriapods, iii 372. 



— reptiles, i 209; iii 443-445, 447, 

 Yung, iv 493- 



Yungia aurantiaca, ii 308. 



ZameniS constrictor, iii 270. 



— mucosus, iv 328. 



Zapus Hudsonianus, iii 194-195. 



Zebra, Burchell's, i 107 ; iv 235 

 (illust.}, 241. 



Zebras, i 107; iv 140, 235 (illust.), 239. 

 Zebra-mules, iv 239-241 (illust.). 

 Zebra Sbark, i 286. 

 Zebu, i 114; iv 225 (illust.). 



Zeus faber, i 273-274; iv 272. 

 Zosea, iii 27-28 (illust.), 366-367 



ZOOid, i 436, 437. [(illust.). 



Zoology, i 5. 



— esthetic. See ^Esthetic Zoology. 



— economic. See Economic Zoology. 



— in Middle Ages, i 9. 



— of sport. See Sporting Zoology. 



— philosophical. See Philosophical 

 Zoology. 



— utilit.'irian. See Utilitarian Zoology. 



— ways of studying, i 5-17. 



Zoophytes, i 304, 436, 465-483; i 

 155-162, 271-272, 308-309, 340-341 



361, 416-418; iii 17-20, 89-90, 327- 

 328, 339-341. 349-353; iv 5-7, 25, 26, 

 33-34, 101-104, 440-44I) 449-45°: 

 453-454. 458-459. 464- 



— extinct, iv 458-459. 



— hydroid, i 465-473, 478-483 (illust.) 

 ii 160-162 (illust.), 340-341; iii 327, 

 32S, 350-352; iv 102-104. 



Zoospores, ii 273. 



Zootoca vivipara, i 225; iii 446. 



Zostera, iii 369. 



Zygsena malleus, i 285-286. 



Zyg£emdS3, iii 402. 



