56 MAMMALS OF PENNSYLVANIA AND NEW JERSEY. 



grown carolinensis from southern New Jersey. (See under " Historic refer- 

 ences," antea, for Ord's names and descriptions of both forms.) The black 

 phase may be jet-black, reddish-black and grayish-black, intergrading in a 

 large series into typical grays. " Black and gray young are found in the same 

 nest, and black and gray adults pair promiscously so far as observed."- — Nelson. 

 Measurements {carolinensis). — Total length, 455 mm. (18 in.) ; tail vert., 

 205 (8) ; hindfbot, 60 (2^) ; {leucotis) 500 (19^) ; 220 (8>^) ; 70 (2^). 



Canadian Chickaree or Pine Squirrel. Sciurus hudsonicus gymnicus 

 Bangs. 



1899. Sciurus hudsonicus gymnicus Bangs, Proceedings N. England Zoolog- 

 ical Club, vol. I, p. 28. 



Type locality. — Near Moosehead Lake, Maine. 



Faunal distribution. — Canadian life zone, west from Newfoundland to 

 Michigan and Minnesota. 



Distribution in Pa. — Only found in the "boreal islands" of the northern 

 tier of counties in Pa. Not present in N. J. Miller and Bangs * limit the 

 distribution ol gymnicus southward to northern New York. I am induced to 

 give it a place in the fauna of Pa., because of a tendency in several specimens 

 from the denser coniferous forests of Sullivan, Luzerne, Clinton, Cambria and 

 Somerset Cos. to assume the character of gymnicus, as contrasted with 

 loquax of southern N. J. 



Description of Species. — As now defined, the typical form, hudsonicus, is 

 confined to Labrador. Sub-species gymnicus differs from it in having the 

 color darker and richer and the border of tail reddish instead of yellowish or 

 grayish. The underparts of hudsonicus and gymnicus are gray in winter 

 pelage, while in our next sub-species, loquax, the lower parts are pure white 

 in winter. The hind foot in gymnicus averages 3 millimeters less than in the 

 other two forms. In the Pa. specimens of gymnicus there is a decided de- 

 parture in the greater depth of color of upper parts, the grayish tinge of the 

 belly in winter and the undefined character of the so-called dorsal band, from 

 loquax of the lower Delaware Valley. On these accounts it would better 

 correlate with actual conditions if the southern range of gymnicus was ex- 

 tended to the Transition border of the Canadian Life Zone. The more this 

 question is examined the more am I convinced that the eastern Chickaree 

 does not merit sub-division into more than two geographic races — hudsonicus 

 inhabiting the Hudsonian and Canadian Zones with gray underparts in 

 winter, and loquax the Transition and Upper Austral with underparts always 

 white. The evident inabiUty of logically or geographically defining ^»»«/V«j 

 is patent in literature. As in the case of the black squirrel there has been 



* See Bull. N. York S. Mus., 1899, vol. 6, No. 29. 



