MAMMALS OF PENNSYLVANIA AND NEW JERSEY. 221 



only used for protection and hunting, but likewise for food and especially for 

 cermonial purposes. 



European Red Fox. Vulpes^vulpes (Linnaeus). 



For discussion of the status of the American red fox as affected by the 

 colonial importation of the European species into our limits, when there were 

 said to be no red foxes known in eastern Pa. and N. J., see article on Vulpes 

 fulvus under our native species previously considered. 



Introduced North American Species, Permanent and Feral 

 IN Pa. or N. J. 



Franklin's Spermophile ; Gray Gopher or Ground Squirrel. 



Citelleus franklini (Sabine). 



1822. ^^r^/iJ/wyj />-««M'«/ Sabine, Transactions Linnsean Society, vol. 13, 



P- 587- 



Type locality. — Vicinity of Cumberland House, Saskatchewan, Canada. 



Faunal distribution. — Upper austral, transition, Canadian and Hudsonian 

 zones of the Great Plains ; Illinois and Lake Winnipeg to Kansas and Alberta ; 

 north to Great SlaveJLake. Introduced in southern N. J. 



Distribution in N.J. — Southern Burlington and Ocean Counties; said at 

 one time to have spread from Tuckerton, their original breeding ground, to 

 Tabernacle, Red Lion and Chatsworth in Burlington Co. Now fortuitously 

 reported from parts of the same region, but less abundant than when first on 

 the increase as reported by Allen and Bishop in 1877. 



Habits, history, etc. — The accidental introduction and colonization of this 

 squirrel in a region wholly remote, and differing greatly in its faunal charac- 

 ters from the habitat of any member of its peculiar genus, is a remarkable 

 circumstance. It serves as a suggestive illustration of the complex problems 

 which involve the study of the geographic distribution of animals, especially 

 where migratory, cosmopolitan and meddlesome man has entered promi- 

 nently into the local struggle for existence. The first publication of note 

 regarding this occurrence is found in Coues' and Allen's Monograph of the 

 N. American Rodentia, 1877, pp. 883, 884, as follows : 



" This species also occurs in New Jersey, where it is rapidly increasing in 

 numbers. I learned of its introduction there through Mr. Samuel Jillson, who 

 first wrote me about it some three or four years since. Writing him recently 

 about it for further information respecting the date and manner of its intro- 

 duction, as well as for information respecting its present numbers and the 

 area of its range, he has kindly replied as follows, under date of 'Tuckerton, 

 New Jersey, May 6, 1877' : ' The date of its introduction is May, 1867, when 



